http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/26/health/26teen.html?_r=1&em=&pagewanted=print
May 26, 2009
Texting May Be Taking a Toll
By KATIE HAFNER
They do it late at night when their parents are asleep. They do it in
restaurants and while crossing busy streets. They do it in the classroom with
their hands behind their back. They do it so much their thumbs hurt.
Spurred by the unlimited texting plans offered by carriers like AT&T Mobility
and Verizon Wireless, American teenagers sent and received an average of 2,272
text messages per month in the fourth quarter of 2008, according to the Nielsen
Company — almost 80 messages a day, more than double the average of a year
earlier.
The phenomenon is beginning to worry physicians and psychologists, who say it
is leading to anxiety, distraction in school, falling grades, repetitive stress
injury and sleep deprivation.
Dr. Martin Joffe, a pediatrician in Greenbrae, Calif., recently surveyed
students at two local high schools and said he found that many were routinely
sending hundreds of texts every day.
“That’s one every few minutes,” he said. “Then you hear that these kids are
responding to texts late at night. That’s going to cause sleep issues in an age
group that’s already plagued with sleep issues.”
The rise in texting is too recent to have produced any conclusive data on
health effects. But Sherry Turkle, a psychologist who is director of the
Initiative on Technology and Self at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
and who has studied texting among teenagers in the Boston area for three years,
said it might be causing a shift in the way adolescents develop.
“Among the jobs of adolescence are to separate from your parents, and to find
the peace and quiet to become the person you decide you want to be,” she said.
“Texting hits directly at both those jobs.”
Psychologists expect to see teenagers break free from their parents as they
grow into autonomous adults, Professor Turkle went on, “but if technology makes
something like staying in touch very, very easy, that’s harder to do; now you
have adolescents who are texting their mothers 15 times a day, asking things
like, ‘Should I get the red shoes or the blue shoes?’ ”
As for peace and quiet, she said, “if something next to you is vibrating every
couple of minutes, it makes it very difficult to be in that state of mind.
“If you’re being deluged by constant communication, the pressure to answer
immediately is quite high,” she added. “So if you’re in the middle of a
thought, forget it.”
Michael Hausauer, a psychotherapist in Oakland, Calif., said teenagers had a
“terrific interest in knowing what’s going on in the lives of their peers,
coupled with a terrific anxiety about being out of the loop.” For that reason,
he said, the rapid rise in texting has potential for great benefit and great
harm.
“Texting can be an enormous tool,” he said. “It offers companionship and the
promise of connectedness. At the same time, texting can make a youngster feel
frightened and overly exposed.”
Texting may also be taking a toll on teenagers’ thumbs. Annie Wagner, 15, a
ninth-grade honor student in Bethesda, Md., used to text on her tiny LG phone
as fast as she typed on a regular keyboard. A few months ago, she noticed a
painful cramping in her thumbs. (Lately, she has been using the iPhone she got
for her 15th birthday, and she says texting is slower and less painful.)
Peter W. Johnson, an associate professor of environmental and occupational
health sciences at the University of Washington, said it was too early to tell
whether this kind of stress is damaging. But he added,
“Based on our experiences with computer users, we know intensive repetitive use
of the upper extremities can lead to musculoskeletal disorders, so we have some
reason to be concerned that too much texting could lead to temporary or
permanent damage to the thumbs.”
Annie said that although her school, like most, forbids cellphone use in class,
with the LG phone she could text by putting it under her coat or desk.
Her classmate Ari Kapner said, “You pretend you’re getting something out of
your backpack.”
Teachers are often oblivious. “It’s a huge issue, and it’s rampant,” said
Deborah Yager, a high school chemistry teacher in Castro Valley, Calif. Ms.
Yager recently gave an anonymous survey to 50 of her students; most said they
texted during class.
“I can’t tell when it’s happening, and there’s nothing we can do about it,” she
said. “And I’m not going to take the time every day to try to police it.”
Dr. Joffe says parents tend to be far less aware of texting than of, say, video
game playing or general computer use, and the unlimited plans often mean that
parents stop paying attention to billing details. “I talk to parents in the
office now,” he said. “I’m quizzing them, and no one is thinking about this.”
Still, some parents are starting to take measures. Greg Hardesty, a reporter in
Lake Forest, Calif., said that late last year his 13-year-old daughter, Reina,
racked up 14,528 texts in one month. She would keep the phone on after going to
bed, switching it to vibrate and waiting for it to light up and signal an
incoming message.
Mr. Hardesty wrote a column about Reina’s texting in his newspaper, The Orange
County Register, and in the flurry of attention that followed, her volume
soared to about 24,000 messages. Finally, when her grades fell precipitously,
her parents confiscated the phone.
Reina’s grades have since improved, and the phone is back in her hands, but her
text messages are limited to 5,000 per month — and none between 9 p.m. and 6
a.m. on weekdays.
Yet she said there was an element of hypocrisy in all this: her mother, too, is
hooked on the cellphone she carries in her purse.
“She should understand a little better, because she’s always on her iPhone,”
Reina said. “But she’s all like, ‘Oh well, I don’t want you texting.’ ” (Her
mother, Manako Ihaya, said she saw Reina’s point.) Professor Turkle can
sympathize. “Teens feel they are being punished for behavior in which their
parents indulge,” she said. And in what she calls a poignant twist, teenagers
still need their parents’ undivided attention.
“Even though they text 3,500 messages a week, when they walk out of their
ballet lesson, they’re upset to see their dad in the car on the BlackBerry,”
she said. “The fantasy of every adolescent is that the parent is there,
waiting, expectant, completely there for them.”
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