And Nietzsche is pale compared to Max Stirner (who influenced
Nietzsche). A generation before N., S. had launched an attack on
anything SQ in morals, and possibly in epistemology too.
The work states the individual is dominated by illusory concepts ('fixed
ideas' or 'spooks'), which can be shaken and undermined by each
individual in order for that person to act fully. These concepts include
primarilyreligion <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion>andideology
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideology>, and the institutions claiming
authority over the individual. According to him, not only isGod
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God>analienating
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marx%27s_theory_of_alienation>ideal,
asFeuerbach <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Feuerbach>had argued
in/The Essence of Christianity
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Essence_of_Christianity>/(1841), but
so too are humanity itself,nationalism
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalism>and allideologies
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideology>. According to Stirner,
individuals should only entertain temporary associations between
themselves, agreeing in mutual aid and cooperation for a period of time,
but only when in each individual's interest (perhaps
anticipatingcooperative games
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperative_games>) -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ego_and_Its_Own
MRB
On 11/25/2012 11:11 AM, david buchanan wrote:
Pirsig isn't the only one who opposes the belief in a fixed and eternal
Truth....
"You want to know what the philosophers' idiosyncrasies are? Their lack of historical sense
for one thing, their hatred of the very idea of becoming, their Egypticity. They think that they
are showing respect for something when they dehistoricize it, sub specie aeterni,―when they turn it
into a mummy. For thousands of years, philosophers have been using only mummified concepts: nothing
real makes it through their hands alive. They kill and stuff things they worship, these lords of
concept idolatry―they become mortal dangers to everything they worship. They see death, change, and
age, as well as procreation and growth, as objections,―refutations even. What is, does not become;
what becomes, is not...So they all believe, desperately even, in being. But since they cannot get
hold of it, they look for reasons why it is kept from them. 'There must be some deception here,
some illusory level of appearances preventing us from perceiving things that have being: where is
the deceiver?'―'We've got it!' they shout in ecstasy, 'it is in sensibility! These senses that are
so immoral anyway, now they are deceiving us about the true world. Moral: get rid of
sense-deception, becoming, history, lies,―history is nothing but a belief in the senses, a belief
in lies. Moral: say no to everyone who believes in the senses, to all the rest of humanity: they
are all "rabble". Be a philosopher, be a mummy, put on your gravedigger's face and show
the world what monotono-theism is all about!―And above all, get rid of the body, this miserable
idée fixe of the senses! full of all the errors of logic, refuted, impossible even, although it is
impudent enough to act as if it were real!...'" - Friedrich Nietzsche
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