> From [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fri Sep 17 13:21:38 2004
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> From: "Peter Williams" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Subject: Re: [Muscle] NFC - A killer technology
> List-Archive: <http://lists.drizzle.com/pipermail/muscle>
> 
> 
> > > There are no share secrets as that does not scale to a 2 billion user
> > > level (2008).
> >
> >Yes. Which is why PKI is important to authenticate the reader as well
> >as the card.  Of if it's not used between the reader and the NFC
> >device, the device has to ensure that data traveling THROUGH the reader
> >is secure.
> >
> 
> 
> In 10 years of PKI deployment in the internet  (backed by well over $1 
> billion investement from venture and DoD/NSA/GSA), there is NO evidence that 
> in practice PKI scales to 2 billion. There is considerable evidence that 50% 
> of those who have tried to go beyond 2000 users just gave up, frutstrated. 
> You need to be very focussed to make PKI pay off, knowing what its good for, 
> and what it is -  in practice - really bad at.

Perhaps I used the wrong choice of words. Symmetric keys can't scale to
2 billion users.  Assymetric keys are necessary. I don't mean that a
fully integrated PKI is necessary.  But some infrastucture may be
needed if one is going to trust a strange system.

If I approach a vending machine, an ATM, or a network access point, 
how can I be assured it's legitimate? Recent example at the GOP: 

http://www.informationweek.securitypipeline.com/network/showArticle.jhtml?articleId=46200846&printableArticle=true

Certificates are necessary to use authenticated Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange.
And unauthenticated DHKE is vulnerable to a MITM attack.
So I am confused when you say off-line certs don't have applications.
Are we assuming the access/service provider is always trusted and secure?
I don't. 
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