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http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2002/02/13/MN61930.DTL CENSUS 2000 Who We Are California home to most Indians among the states Native Americans, Alaskans fast-growing population in U.S. Annie Nakao, Chronicle Staff Writer Wednesday, February 13, 2002 ©2002 San Francisco Chronicle One in four of the 4.1 million American Indians and Alaska Natives counted in the 2000 Census now calls California or Oklahoma home, the Census Bureau reported today. The American Indian and Alaska Native population also grew faster than the general U.S. population in the past decade, with California boasting the largest presence -- 628,000 people. "California sticks out as a state," said Stella U. Ogunwole, a demographer and author of "The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2000 Report." Most American Indians and Alaska Natives live in the West. They are also highly urban. The cities with the most American Indians or Alaska Natives are New York City and Los Angeles. "When you think of American Indians, you think rural rather than city," said Ogunwole. "That's a wrong perception." Like the rest of the population, American Indians and Alaska Natives were given the choice of selecting more than one racial category in the 2000 census. Of the 4.1 million counted, 2.5 million said they were American Indian or Alaska Native only. This reflects a 26 percent increase between 1990 and 2000. Another 1.6 million also reported being American Indian or Alaska Native and at least one other race. Since the bureau does not have comparable figure for 1990, it estimates the range of increase between 26 and 110 percent. Racial melding is not new to American Indians, who have one of the highest intermarriage rates among racial or ethnic groups. "Given the history of the past 500 years and the tremendous population reductions we've experienced after Columbus, Indian people have had high intermarriage rates, particularly with white people," said Russell Thornton, an anthropologist at UCLA. "In some ways, it's the only way the Indian population has been able to survive." Matt Snipp, a Stanford University historian, cited urbanization as "one of the big engines of intermarriage." Under a U.S. government policy in the 1950s, thousands of rural American Indians were relocated to cities across the nation, including the Bay Area. Large American Indian communities now reside in San Jose and Oakland. New York had the largest American Indian and Alaska Native population, with 87,241. Los Angeles was next, with 53,092. The other top eight cities where American Indians and Alaska Natives live were: Chicago, Houston, Philadelphia, Phoenix, San Diego, Dallas, San Antonio and Detroit. The 10 states with the largest American Indian and Alaska Native populations were: California, Oklahoma, Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, New York, Washington, North Carolina, Michigan and Alaska. Some 74 percent of those counted indicated they belonged to a tribe. The largest American Indian tribal groupings were: Cherokee, Navajo, Latin American Indian, Choctaw, Sioux, Chippewa, Apache, Blackfeet, Iroquois and Pueblo. A total of 180,940 reported Latin American Indian roots. Of the Alaska Natives, Eskimo was the largest tribal grouping, followed by Tlingit-Haida, Alaska Athabascan and Aleut. Some 54,761 respondents reported being Eskimo alone or in combination with one or more races or tribes. The report said the tendency of American Indians and Alaska Natives to report more than one race or tribe varied, with the Blackfeet having the highest proportion and the Navajo having the lowest. Thornton, of UCLA, says as the idea of "pan-Indianness" spreads, tribal identities are likely to blur. "We still have populations who are rooted in the tribe," he said. "They tend to be on the reservations. But with over half of the population in urban areas, you're seeing contemporary ceremonies, like powwows, that do not necessarily have a tribal base. It's simply a gathering of Indian people to celebrate their Indianness." E-mail Annie Nakao at [EMAIL PROTECTED] 10 LARGEST AMERICAN INDIAN TRIBAL GROUPINGS Forty percent of the 4.1 million people who selected "American Indian or Alaska Native" on the 2000 Census took advantage of the first-ever option to check off more than one race on their form. . American Indian tribal grouping alone or in combination with : one American Indian or more races tribal grouping alone Cherokee 729,533 281,069 Navajo 298,197 269,202 Latin American Indian 180,940 104,354 Choctaw 158,774 87,349 Sioux 153,360 108,272 Chippewa 149,669 105,907 Apache 96,833 57,060 Blackfeet 85,750 27,104 Iroquois 80,822 45,212 Pueblo 74,085 59,533 Source: U.S. Census Bureau Associated Press Graphic -- André Cramblit: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Operations Director Northern California Indian Development Council NCIDC (http://www.ncidc.org) is a non-profit that meets the development needs of American Indians and operates an art gallery featuring the art of California tribes (http://www.americanindianonline.com) ============================================================ WIN A FREE unforgettable "Only in New York" weekend from Manhattan East Suite Hotels. 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