And now:Ish <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
via Martha
February 23rd to 29th in American Indian History by Phil Konstantin
February 23rd
�1540: The Coronado expedition is underway.
�1832: CHICKASAW Chief, Levi Colbert, tells President Jackson that the
CHICKASAW are agreed to the removal to Indian Territory. He informs the
President that they could not reach an agreement with the CHOCTAWs on
sharing lands, so the provisional treaty of September 1, 1830 is void.
�1839: Almost 900 CHEROKEEs, under the leadership of fellow CHEROKEE
Rev.Jesse Bushyhead, arrive in Indian Territory. They will sustain 38
deaths while on their forced emigration.
�1867: QUAPAW give up their lands in Kansas, and a large part of their
northern Indian Territory lands.
�1875: Lt.Col.J.W.Davidson's troops of the 10th cavalry capture 65 KIOWA
men, and 175 women and children, on the Salt Fork of the Red River, in
Texas. Also taken are 300 horses and mules. Among the captured are Lone
Wolf, Red Otter, and Lean Bull, according to Army reports.
�1877: Lt.J.F.Cummings, and troop C, 3rd cavalry, attack a group of
"hostiles" near Deadwood, Dakota Territory. One indian is killed. 624
head of live stock are recovered.
�1878: Army reports say R.W.Barry, and Juan Diaz were killed today, by
Indians, 23 miles from Fort Duncan, near Eagle Pass Texas, on the Laredo
road.
�1833: According to a Government report, by this date, it is estimated
approximately 6,000 CHOCTAWs have been removed to the west. 1,000
CHOCTAWs have gone on their own, without having to be removed by the
government.
�1939: Land accquired on June 16, 1933, under the National Industrial
Recovery Act, will be transfered from the jurisdiction of the Secretary
of the Agriculture to the Secretary of the Interior, by Executive Order
today, as a part of the Milk River Land Utilization project on the Fort
Peck Indian Reservation in Montana.
�1945: Ira Hayes participates in the flag raising on Iwo Jima.
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February 24th
�1730: With both sides running out of ammunition, the French, and the
NATCHEZ Indians agree on a peace settlement. The NATCHEZ will release
all of their prisoners, and the French will withdraw to the Mississippi
River. The French were anxious to make the agreement because their
CHOCTAW allies had expressed a desire to quit the fight. The prisoners
would be released to the CHOCTAW, who demanded a ransom for their
services. The NATCHEZ would eventually escape into the woodlands.
�1806: Several CLATSOPs visit Lewis and Clark's camp today.
�1831: The CHOCTAW Dancing Rabbit Creek treaty is ratified, today, by
the U.S.Senate. The CHOCTAWs will leave Mississippi for Indian Territory
(Oklahoma). While many CHOCTAWs are opposed to the treaty, they lack
organization. It will be publically proclaimed on May 26, 1831.
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February 25th
�1643: For the last 2 years there have been several incidents sparked by
both Indians and settlers which have led to bloodshed. Presently, the
only Indians in the area are some peaceful Indians seeking refuge from
the MOHAWKs. Through tomorrow, New Amsterdam citizens, with the approval
of Dutch Director Kieft, and led by Maryn Adriaensen, attack a peaceful
WECQUAESGEEK village at Corlaer's Hook near the Pavonia settlements
(near modern-day Jersey City). The Dutch soldiers will kill not only the
warriors, but all of the 80 Indians in the camp, including women and
children. This fight will become known as the "Pavonia Massacre," and it
will incite numerous reprisals. Adriaensen would be exiled to Holland
for 3 years as punishment for leading the attack when the population
learns of the fight. He will return, and receive a land grant from
Director Kieft, 3 years later. Some accounts say only 30 Indians were
killed.
�1689: According to some sources, an agreement of alliance and
allegiance is reached between representatives of the "FIVE NATIONS" and
the British in New York.
�1779: Indians leave Vincennes.
�1875: After the battle of Palo Duro Canyon, Lone Wolf, and his
followers, head across the plains. But after a relentless search by the
Army, on this date Lone Wolf, and 252 KIOWAs, finally surrendered at
Fort Sill, in south-central Oklahoma. Lone Wolf would eventually be sent
as a prisoner-of-war to Fort Marion, in St.Augustine, Florida.
�1874: Regualtions regarding the SKOKOMISH Reserve are written today.
�1987: The legality of Indian bingo is upheld by courts in California.
�1998: The OGLALA SIOUX Tribal Council has declared today, the 25th
anniversary of the Wounded Knee occupation, a tribal holiday. It has
designated the occupation a historic and cultural event that brought
attention to Indian issues.
�1998: The United States Supreme Court ruled against the Native Village
of Venetie Tribal Governments stating that there is no Indian Country in
Alaska, save one reservation. This ruling was part of an effort of this
tribe to tax a company in their "territory."
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February 26th
�1757: Built by Pennsylvania troops at Shamokin on the Susquehanna River
at the juncture of several Indian trails, Fort Augusta will be
surrounded, and briefly held under siege by Indians today. The Indians
will leave after a few days, but will return in a few months.
�1860: The WIYOTs lived on the upper California coast between the Little
River and the Bear River. An annual ceremony lasting over a week is held
in the village of Tutulwat on an island in the river in what is now
Eureka, California. By WIYOT tradition, everyone was welcome at the
ceremony, including whites. Tonight after the ceremonies were finished,
a group of men from Eureka snuck into the village and attacked the
participants. Several other nearby villages were also attacked. An
estimated 80 to 100 indians were killed in the sneak attack. An annual
vigil is now held on a nearby island to commemorate the event.
�1871: Indians attack a hunter's camp, steal the stock, and burn the
camp, near Grinnell, Kansas.
�1881: According to Army records, 325 SIOUX, believed to be primarily
from Sitting Bull's camp, surrender to Major David Brotherton, 7th
infantry, at Fort Buford, near the North Dakota-Montana line. 150
horses, and 40 guns are turned in by the Indians.
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February 27th
�1754: In a letter to Pennsylvania Governor James Hamilton today, the
Pennsylvania Assembly assails the European traders cheating the local
Indians. The traders are equated with the worst of European criminals.
�1760: Tonight, there will be a skirmish at Fort Dobbs, modern day
Salisbury, North Carolina. A war party of CHEROKEEs will attack the
fort. Troops, led by Captain Hugh Waddell beat back the attack killing
almost a dozen warriors. Waddell will post no losses to his force.
�1819: The CHEROKEE sign a treaty today (7 stat.195).
�1836: General Edmund Gaines has marched from Tampa Bay to Fort King in
central Florida to put down the SEMINOLE Uprising. When he arrives in
Fort King, he does not find enough supplies to feed his troops or
mounts. Gaines orders his 1,100 troops to return to Tampa Bay. Today,
while attempting to cross the Withlacoochee River, Gaines is attacked by
a SEMINOLE force of 1,500 warriors. Gaines will build a stockade, and
send for reinforcements during the battle. After 10 days of fighting,
both sides agree to a truce, with formal peace talks to come later.
�1839: Rev.Stephen Foreman, and 911 fellow CHEROKEEs, arrive in the
Indian Territory. They will have lost 57 of their group to deaths. There
will be 19 births during the trip.
�1855: The WINNEBAGO sign a treaty today (10 stat.1172).
�1867: (15 stat.531)Occupied by the "PRAIRIE BAND of POTAWATOMI
Indians." It will cover 29.75 square miles of territory in Kansas.
�1885: "That tract of country in the Territory of Dakota, known as the
Old WINNEBAGO Reservation and the SIOUX or Crow Creek Reservation, and
lying on the east bank of the Missouri river" will be modified by law
today.
�1925: Laws are enacted today affecting Phoenix Indian School land in
Arizona.
�1958: Randall Dam and Reservoir Project requires condemnation actions
in South Dakota.
�1973: The seige of Wounded Knee begins. It will last through May 8,
1973.
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February 28th
�1675: Today, the Mission Santa Cruz de Sabacola El Menor is dedicated.
The mission will be for the SAWOKLIS Indians on the Apalachicola River.
�1683: According to some sources, a land cession agreement will be
reached today between representatives of the WIMBEE Indians and South
Carolina Colonies.
�1704: Today, through tomorrow, in what would be the first American
battle in "Queen Anne's War", Deerfield, in central Massachusetts, is
attacked today by Indians and French. Of the almost 300 inhabitants,
different historical accounts show between 49 and 56 would be killed,
and almost 100 would be taken prisoner.
�1780: Nashborough (Nashville) started.
�1831: The SENECA sign a treaty today.
�1859: By a governmental act, 558 square miles are set aside for the
establishment of the Gila River Reserve in the Pima Agency south of
Phoenix, Arizona. It will be occupied by the MARICOPA and PIMA tribes.
�1873: After the first battle in the lava beds, Captain Jack's cousin,
Winema, and some friendly local whites came to visit him. Winema had
married a white settler. In a council on this night, the white men told
Captain Jack that peace commissioners wanted to meet with them. When
asked, they also said that Hooker Jim would not be tried for their
killing raid in Oregon, but would be sent to a reservation in Oklahoma,
instead. Captain Jack agrees to meet with the commissioners and to hear
what they have to say.
�1877: The Standing Rock SIOUX Reservation has been created by the
Treaty of April 29, 1868 and an Act of Congress today in Dakota
Territory. It will cover 4,176 square miles and be occupied by
"BLACKFEET, HUNKPAPA, Lower and Upper TANKTONAI SIOUX."
�1929: Northwestern SHOSHONE Jurisdictional Act is modified today.
�1941: According to Federal Register Numbers 6fr01229 and 6fr01230,
Executive Order Numbers 8696 and 8670 are issued today. They will
transfer the jurisdiction of certain PUEBLO Indian lands in New Mexico
from the Secretary of the Agriculture to the Secretary of the Interior.
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February 29th
�1704: The battle started yesterday at Deerfield will continue through
today.
�1836: General Edmund Gaines, and 1,100 soldiers have been engaged in a
battle with a force of 1,500 SEMINOLEs, under Chief Osceola, since
February 27. The Americans built a stockade on the 27th. Today, the
SEMINOLESs will mount a major attack on the stockade. Many men were
wounded on both sides during the attack. The fighting will continue
until March 6, 1836.
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Tsonkwadiyonrat (We are ONE Spirit)
Unenh onhwa' Awayaton
http://www.tdi.net/ishgooda/
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