> Thanks for the insight, but the filtering does not sound trivial to me. As it 
> appears, MOT spot welders can also be made without any electronics:

Yeah, you don't need any electronics, you can just control the primary with a 
foot switch.

> How much current is actually flowing in the primary circuit?

As it happens, MOTs don't really have sufficient inductance to current limit on 
their rated line voltage.  If you remove both secondaries entirely, and hook up 
the primary, the transformer will sit there and draw 400-500 watts (I'm not 
giving the
primary current, as that depends on the mains voltage in your country).  This 
is because they're optimized for cheapness,
not energy efficency, and run at the edge of saturation:

http://wiki.4hv.org/index.php/Microwave_oven_transformer

This will vary depending on whether the magnetic shunts are removed (general 
wisdom seems to be to leave them in).

When you're driving a secondary load, primary current will tend to rise, as 
you're dissipating more power.  Most MOTs can deliver 700-1200 watts into the 
magnetron, so figure a primary current equivalent to 1800 watts or so max, 
possibly more as it's not a resistive load, so VA can be higher than the 
wattage, due to phase shift (one of the functions of the magnetic shunts is to 
try to reduce the phase shift, when the MOT is operating into its original load 
- with a spot welder load, things will be different).

Many people will have some sort of lashup to reduce the primary current.  These 
are generally one of five varieties - adding a ballast resistance (like a 
toaster or space heater) in series, adding some inductance (such as another 
MOT, often with a shorted secondary), using a bucking transformer to reduce the 
incoming mains voltage, using a bucking winding on the MOT itself to do the 
same thing, or using a 220V MOT on 120V mains.

My favourite is the bucking winding on the same transformer (or, you can think 
of it as adding some turns to the primary).  It is my favourite approach 
because it doesn't require additional parts, just more wire.  Simply add 
several turns of wire sufficent to handle the primary current to the core, and 
wire it in series with the primary, observing phasing.

I'd add the additional bucking winding first, keeping it compact, then wind the 
heavy secondary turns.  Then I'd hook up the bucking winding and primary in 
series, and drive the secondary with a few volts.  Then swap the leads to the 
bucking winding and try again.  Use the hookup that gives the most volts out of 
the primary + bucking windings while driving the
secondary.

This will nicely reduce your power consumption, and keep your core from getting 
quite so hot.

I realized I answered your one-sentence question with several paragraphs of 
blather, but when working with hand built mains operated equipment, I really 
want people to understand what they're getting in to.

- John

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