You have to make a decision based on how this transformer tests-out. 

Option 1: Step-up transformer to rectifier+capacitor. This is by far the 
simplest solution if the turns-ratio is in the right ballpark, and it 
doesn't overheat under load when running on 60Hz. As mentioned above, try 
applying a small AC-voltage to the primary winding. You can identify the 
primary by measuring the resistance with an ohmmeter; primary resistance 
for a step-up transformer will be lower. Now measure volts-in and volts-out 
to get the ratio. Once you have that, you need to select from your 
available AC sources, such as 6.3V filament. The optimum voltage for a NIMO 
tube from the datasheet is 1850V, but I would target a higher voltage to 
allow for losses; you can always add an anode resistor if necessary.

Once you have the target voltage correct, run it under load (180uA for 6 
NIMOs). A 10Meg resistor is about right for that. Let it run for several 
days to make sure it doesn't overheat, etc.

Option 2: If the voltage is not high enough, you can use a voltage doubler, 
tripler, etc. But you wont know until you have the turns ratio.

Option 3: Flyback converter. This uses pulsed DC, and will require voltage 
feedback to prevent the output from going too high. The output voltage of a 
flyback converter is load-dependent. Let's wait until you have more info 
about the turns ratio before going this route.

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Generally, I dont build anything unless I can simulate it thoroughly in 
SPICE and Verilog. But this is a chance to make a simple HV supply with 
minimal time/money so go for it. The worst thing that can happen is you 
will burn-up a $2 transformer, or a get nasty shock.

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