Darren Reed wrote:

> Correction: in theory this should only impact UDP traffic,
> in practice it affects UDP *and* TCP traffic.


Why in theory fragmentation should only impact UDP
traffic?  What is in the protocol spec which says
that there cannot be TCP fragments?  In theory, it
can happen with any traffic...

In practice, I think most fragments in the Internet
are UDP traffic, such as streaming media data.  At
least this is what the study I've read some years ago
indicates (*).  For this kind of app, I believe it is
the response from server which is being fragmented.
And I guess to load balance this type of traffic, a
DSR set up is appropriate and the fragment issue does
not matter.

The above study is old and I don't know if there is
any recent one.  But given that nowadays most, if
not all, client TCP stacks in use support PMTUd, I
suspect that TCP fragments should be even rarer than
the data in the above study shows.  Do you have data
showing that the above is no longer true in today's
Internet?


(*) Check "Beyond folklore: observations on fragmented
     traffic" in the Dec issue of IEEE/ACM Transactions on
     Networking 2002.

-- 

                                                K. Poon.
                                                [EMAIL PROTECTED]

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