Here is an eye-opening interview with Michael Ratner, by Naomi Wolf.
Where's Obama on this matter? So far, he's been functioning not as
the constitutional
lawyer that he used to be, but as a kinder, gentler version of the
despot he replaced
(albeit the replacement was legitimate).
MCM
Do the Secret Bush Memos Amount to Treason?
Top Constitutional Scholar Says Yes
Wednesday 25 March 2009
by: Naomi Wolf | Visit article original @ AlterNet
Legal expert Michael Ratner calls the legal arguments made in the
infamous Yoo memos, "Fuhrer's law."
In early March, more shocking details emerged about George W.
Bush legal counsel John Yoo's memos outlining the destruction of the
republic.
The memos lay the legal groundwork for the president to send the
military to wage war against U.S. citizens; take them from their
homes to Navy brigs without trial and keep them forever; close down
the First Amendment; and invade whatever country he chooses without
regard to any treaty or objection by Congress.
It was as if Milton's Satan had a law degree and was establishing
within the borders of the United States the architecture of hell.
I thought this was -- and is -- certainly one of the biggest
stories of our lifetime, making the petty burglary of Watergate --
which scandalized the nation -- seem like playground antics. It is
newsworthy too with the groundswell of support for prosecutions of
Bush/Cheney crimes and recent actions such as Canadian attorneys
mobilizing to arrest Bush if he visits their country.
The memos are a confession. The memos could not be clearer: This
was the legal groundwork of an attempted coup. I expected massive
front page headlines from the revelation that these memos exited.
Almost nothing. I was shocked.
As a non-lawyer, was I completely off base in my reading of what
this meant, I wondered? Was I hallucinating?
Astonished, I sought a reality check -- and a formal legal read
-- from one of the nation's top constitutional scholars (and most
steadfast patriots), Michael Ratner of the Center for Constitutional
Rights, which has been at the forefront of defending the detainees
and our own liberties.
Here is our conversation:
Naomi Wolf: Michael, can you explain to a layperson what the Yoo
memos actually mean?
Michael Ratner: What they mean is that your book looks moderate
in respect to those issues now. This -- what is in the memos -- is
law by fiat.
I call it "Fuhrer's law." What those memos lay out means the end
of the system of checks and balances in this country. It means the
end of the system in which the courts, legislature and executive each
had a function and they could check each other.
What the memos set out is a system in which the president's word
is law, and Yoo is very clear about that: the president's word is not
only law according to these memos, but no law or constitutional right
or treaty can restrict the president's authority.
What Yoo says is that the president's authority as commander in
chief in the so-called war on terror is not bound by any law passed
by Congress, any treaty, or the protections of free speech, due
process and the right to be free from unreasonable searches and
seizures. The First, Fourth and Fifth amendments -- gone.
What this actually means is that the president can order the
military to operate in the U.S. and to operate without constitutional
restrictions. They -- the military -- can pick you or me up in the
U.S. for any reason and without any legal process. They would not
have any restrictions on entering your house to search it, or to
seize you. They can put you into a brig without any due process or
going to court. (That's the Fourth and Fifth amendments.)
The military can disregard the Posse Comitatus law, which
restricts the military from acting as police in the the United
States. And the president can, in the name of wartime restrictions,
limit free speech. There it is in black and white: we are looking at
one-person rule without any checks and balances -- a lawless state.
Law by fiat.
Who has suspended the law this way in the past? It is like a
Caesar's law in Rome; a Mussolini's law in Italy; a Fuhrer's law in
Germany; a Stalin's law in the Soviet Union. It is right down the
line. It is enforcing the will of the dictator through the military.
NW: The mainstream media have virtually ignored these
revelations, though it seems to me this is the biggest news since
Pearl Harbor.
MR: I think that's right. We had a glimmering of the blueprint
for some of this -- when they picked up Jose Padilla, the military
went to a prison and snatched an American citizen as if they had a
perfect right to do so.
Now we can see that these memos laid the legal groundwork for
such actions. We knew the military could do this to an individual. We
did not know the plan was to eliminate First Amendment constitutional
rights for the entire population.
NW: If Bush only wanted these powers in order to prosecute a war
on terror, why does he need to suspend the First Amendment? Isn't
that the smoking gun of a larger intention toward the general
population?
MR: Part of this plan was actually implemented: for instance,
they tried to keep people like Padilla from getting to a magistrate.
They engaged in the wiretapping, because according to these memos
there was no Fourth Amendment.
They had to be planning some kind of a takeover of the United
States to be saying they could simply abolish the First Amendment if
the president believed it was necessary in the name of national
security. It lays the groundwork for what could have been a massive
military takeover of the United States.
Here they crept right up and actually implemented part of the
plan, with Padilla, with the warrantless wiretapping. Yet they are
saying in the White House and in Congress that it is looking backward
to investigate the authors of these memos and those who instructed
Yoo and others to write them.
But investigation and prosecutions are really looking forward --
to say we need the deterrence of prosecution so this does not happen
again.
NW: What about the deployment of three brigades in the U.S.? How
should we read that?'
MR: With terrorism as less of a concern to many, but now with the
economy in tatters there is a lot more militant activism in U.S. --
the New School and NYU student takeovers, protests around the country
and strikes are just the beginning. I think governments are now
concerned over people's activism, and people's anger at their
economic situation. I don't think those brigades can be detached from
the idea that there might well be a huge amount of direct-action
protest in the U.S.
There could have also been a closer election that could have been
stolen easily and then a huge protest. Those troops would have been
used to enforce the will of the cabal stealing the election.
NW: As a layperson, I don't fully understand what powers the
memos actually manifest. Are they theoretical or not just
theoretical? What power did the memos actually give Bush?
MR: They were probably, in fact almost for sure, written in
cahoots with the administration -- [Karl] Rove, [Dick] Cheney -- to
give them legal backing for what they planned or wanted to carry out.
What I assume happened here is people like Cheney or his aides go
to the Office of Legal Counsel and say, "We are going to need legal
backing, to give a face of legality to what we are doing and what we
are planning." When the president then signs a piece of paper that
says, "OK, military, go get Jose Padilla," these memos give that
order a veneer of legality.
If you are familiar with the history of dictators, coups and
fascism (as I know you are), they (the planners) prefer a veneer of
legality. Hitler killed 6 million Jews with a veneer of legality --
getting his dictatorial powers through the Reichstag and the courts.
These memos gave the Bush administration's [lawless] practices
the veneer of legality.
NW: So are you saying that these memos actually created a police
state that we did not know about?
MR: If you look at police state as various strands of
lawlessness, we knew about some of this lawlessness even before this
latest set of memos.
But the memos revealed how massive the takeover of our democracy
was to be -- that this wasn't just going to be a few individuals here
or there who suffered the arrows of a police state.
These memos lay the groundwork for a massive military takeover of
the United States in cahoots with the president. And if that's not a
coup d'etat then, nothing is.
NW: Can I ask something? I keep thinking about the notion of
treason. In America now, people tend to read the definition of
treason in the Constitution as if they are thinking of a Tokyo Rose
or an American citizen acting as an agent for an enemy state -- very
much a World War II experience of the traitor to one's country.
But I've been reading a lot of 16th and 17th century history, and
it seems to me that the founders were thinking more along the lines
of English treason of that era -- small groups of Englishmen, usually
nobility, who formed cabals and conspired with one another to buy or
recruit militias to overthrow the crown or Parliament.
The notion that a group might conspire in secret to overthrow the
government is not a wild, marginal concept, it is a substantial part
of European, and especially British, Renaissance and Reformation-era
history and would have been very much alive in the minds of the
Enlightenment-era founders. (I just visited the Tower of London where
this was so frequent a charge against groups of English subjects that
there is a designated Traitor's Gate.)
So clearly you don't have to act on behalf of another state to
commit treason. The Constitution defines it as levying war against
the United States or giving aid and comfort to its enemies. It says
nothing about the enemy having to be another state.
When the Constitution was drafted, the phrase "United States"
barely referred to a singular country; it referred to a new
federation of many united states. They imagined militias rising up
against various states; it was not necessarily nation against nation.
Surely, when we have evidence Bush prepared the way to allow the
military to imprison or shoot civilians in the various states and
created law to put his own troops over the authority of the governors
and the national guard of the various states, and when the military
were sent to terrorize protesters in St. Paul, [Minn.], Bush was
levying war in this sense against the united states?
Hasn't Bush actually levied war against Minnesota? And if our
leaders and military are sworn to protect and defend the
Constitution, and there is clear evidence now that Bush and his cabal
intended to do away with it, are they not our enemies and giving aid
and comfort to our enemies? Again, "enemy" does not seem to me to be
defined in the Constitution as another sovereign state.
MR: You are right. Treason need not involve another state. Aaron
Burr was tried for treason. I do think that a plan to control the
military, use it in the United States contrary to law and the
Constitution and employ it to levy a war or takeover that eliminates
the democratic institutions of the country constitutes treason, even
if done under the president of the United States.
The authority given by these memos that could be used to raid
every congressional office, raid and search every home, detain tens
of thousands, would certainly fit a definition of treason.
This would be the president making war against the institutions
of the United States.
-------
Naomi Wolf is the author of "Give Me Liberty" (Simon and
Schuster, 2008), the sequel to the New York Times best-seller "The
End of America: A Letter of Warning to a Young Patriot" (Chelsea
Green, 2007).
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