A hard reed tending to jump into next octave and a 3rd.
A leaking reed. (blade sides or wrapping)
Any leakage of air above the note you are playing (bad pad seating, fingers
not seating properly or a crack in the chanter letting air in). This will
help to blow into next octave and a 3rd.
Pressing keys slowly.
An obstruction/mismatch in the bore (however slight) causing the air to
rebound off it. (when a repair to a chanter that has been broken in two)
No cotton wool etc or a hard surface at the sole end (wet cotton wool)
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http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
