Pakistanis Aided Attack in Kabul, U.S. Officials Say By <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/m/mark_mazzetti/ index.html?inline=nyt-per> MARK MAZZETTI and <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/s/eric_schmitt/i ndex.html?inline=nyt-per> ERIC SCHMITT http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/01/world/asia/01pstan.html?_r=1 <http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/01/world/asia/01pstan.html?_r=1&hp=&oref=slo gin&pagewanted=print> &hp=&oref=slogin&pagewanted=print
WASHINGTON American intelligence agencies have concluded that members of <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/pa kistan/index.html?inline=nyt-geo> Pakistans powerful spy service helped plan the deadly July 7 bombing of <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/in dia/index.html?inline=nyt-geo> Indias embassy in Kabul, <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/af ghanistan/index.html?inline=nyt-geo> Afghanistan, according to United States government officials. The conclusion was based on intercepted communications between Pakistani intelligence officers and militants who carried out the attack, the officials said, providing the clearest evidence to date that Pakistani intelligence officers are actively undermining American efforts to combat militants in the region. The American officials also said there was new information showing that members of the Pakistani intelligence service were increasingly providing militants with details about the American campaign against them, in some cases allowing militants to avoid American missile strikes in Pakistans tribal areas. Concerns about the role played by Pakistani intelligence not only has strained relations between the United States and Pakistan, a longtime ally, but also has fanned tensions between Pakistan and its archrival, India. Within days of the bombings, Indian officials accused the Directorate of <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/i/interse rvices_intelligence/index.html?inline=nyt-org> Inter-Services Intelligence, or ISI, of helping to orchestrate the attack in Kabul, which killed 54, including an Indian defense attaché. This week, Pakistani troops clashed with Indian forces in the contested region of Kashmir, threatening to fray an uneasy cease-fire that has held since November 2003. The New York Times reported this week that a top <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/c/central _intelligence_agency/index.html?inline=nyt-org> Central Intelligence Agency official traveled to Pakistan this month to confront senior Pakistani officials with information about support provided by members of the ISI to militant groups. It had not been known that American intelligence agencies concluded that elements of Pakistani intelligence provided direct support for the attack in Kabul. American officials said that the communications were intercepted before the July 7 bombing, and that the C.I.A. emissary, Stephen R. Kappes, the agencys deputy director, had been ordered to Islamabad, Pakistans capital, even before the attack. The intercepts were not detailed enough to warn of any specific attack. The government officials were guarded in describing the new evidence and would not say specifically what kind of assistance the ISI officers provided to the militants. They said that the ISI officers had not been renegades, indicating that their actions might have been authorized by superiors. It confirmed some suspicions that I think were widely held, one State Department official with knowledge of Afghanistan issues said of the intercepted communications. It was sort of this aha moment. There was a sense that there was finally direct proof. The information linking the ISI to the bombing of the Indian Embassy was described in interviews by several American officials with knowledge of the intelligence. Some of the officials expressed anger that elements of Pakistans government seemed to be directly aiding violence in Afghanistan that had included attacks on American troops. Some American officials have begun to suggest that Pakistan is no longer a fully reliable American partner and to advocate some unilateral American action against militants based in the tribal areas. The ISI has long maintained ties to militant groups in the tribal areas, in part to court allies it can use to contain Afghanistans power. In recent years, Pakistans government has also been concerned about Indias growing influence inside Afghanistan, including New Delhis close ties to the government of <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/k/hamid_karzai/i ndex.html?inline=nyt-per> Hamid Karzai, the Afghan president. American officials say they believe that the embassy attack was probably carried out by members of a network led by <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/h/jalaluddin_haq qani/index.html?inline=nyt-per> Maulavi Jalaluddin Haqqani, whose alliance with <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/a/al_qaed a/index.html?inline=nyt-org> Al Qaeda and its affiliates has allowed the terrorist network to rebuild in the tribal areas. American and Pakistani officials have now acknowledged that President Bush on Monday confronted Pakistans prime minister, Yousaf Raza Gilani, about the divided loyalties of the ISI. Pakistans defense minister, Chaudhry Ahmed Mukhtar, told a Pakistani television network on Wednesday that Mr. Bush asked senior Pakistani officials this week, Who is in control of ISI? and asked about leaked information that tipped militants to surveillance efforts by Western intelligence services. Pakistans new civilian government is wrestling with these very issues, and there is concern in Washington that the civilian leaders will be unable to end a longstanding relationship between members of the ISI and militants associated with Al Qaeda. Spokesmen for the White House and the C.I.A. declined to comment for this article. Pakistans ambassador to the United States, Husain Haqqani, did not return a call seeking comment. Further underscoring the tension between Pakistan and its Western allies, Britains senior military officer said in Washington on Thursday that an American and British program to help train Pakistans Frontier Corps in the tribal areas had been delayed while Pakistans military and civilian officials sorted out details about the programs goals. Britain and the United States had each offered to send about two dozen military trainers to Pakistan later this summer to train Pakistani Army officers who in turn would instruct the Frontier Corps paramilitary forces. But the British officer, Air Chief Marshal Sir Jock Stirrup, said the program had been temporarily delayed. We dont yet have a firm start date, he told a small group of reporters. Were ready to go. The bombing of the Indian Embassy helped to set off a new deterioration in relations between India and Pakistan. This week, Indian and Pakistani soldiers fired at each other across the Kashmir frontier for more than 12 hours overnight Monday, in what the Indian Army called the most serious violation of a five-year-old cease-fire agreement. The nightlong battle came after one Indian soldier and four Pakistanis were killed along the border between sections of Kashmir that are controlled by India and by Pakistan. Indian officials say they are equally worried about what is happening on the Pakistan-Afghanistan border because they say the insurgents who are facing off with India in Kashmir and those who target Afghanistan are related and can keep both borders burning at the same time. India and Afghanistan share close political, cultural and economic ties, and India maintains an active intelligence network in Afghanistan, all of which has drawn suspicion from Pakistani officials. When asked Thursday about whether the ISI and Pakistani military remained loyal to the countrys civilian government, Adm. <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/m/michael_g_mull en/index.html?inline=nyt-per> Mike Mullen, the chairman of the <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/j/joint_c hiefs_of_staff/index.html?inline=nyt-org> Joint Chiefs of Staff, sidestepped the question. Thats probably something the government of Pakistan ought to speak to, Admiral Mullen told reporters at the Pentagon. Jalaluddin Haqqani, the militia commander, battled Soviet troops during the 1980s and has had a long and complicated relationship with the C.I.A. He was among a group of fighters who received arms and millions of dollars from the C.I.A. during that period, but his allegiance with <http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/b/osama_bin_lade n/index.html?inline=nyt-per> Osama bin Laden and Al Qaeda during the following decade led the United States to sever the relationship. Mr. Haqqani and his sons now run a network that Western intelligence services say they believe is responsible for a campaign of violence throughout Afghanistan, including the Indian Embassy bombing and an attack on the Serena Hotel in Kabul earlier this year. David Rohde contributed reporting from New York, and Somini Sengupta from New Delhi. U.S. Ties Pakistani Intelligence to Attack in Kabul By JAY SOLOMON August 2, 2008 WASHINGTON -- U.S. government officials have concluded that elements of Pakistan's intelligence service, the Inter-Services Intelligence, or ISI, aided militants in an attack last month on India's embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan. The U.S. made these conclusions based on telecommunications intercepts linking Pakistani intelligence officials to the Afghan insurgents, who operate out of the tribal regions linking Pakistan and Afghanistan. The U.S. officials said India's security services drew similar conclusions based on their own telecommunications intercepts and intelligence. The attack killed 58 people. "The Indians are absolutely convinced it's true, and they're right," said a U.S. official who has worked extensively on South Asia inside the Bush administration. The New York Times earlier reported U.S. fears about ISI involvement on its Web site Thursday. U.S. officials believe the militants are linked to the Haqqani Network, an insurgent grouping headed by the Afghan mujahadeen commander, Jalaluddin Haqqani. Mr. Haqqani is based out of the tribal-region district of North Waziristan, and U.S. military and intelligence officials believe he works closely with both al Qaeda and the Taliban in coordinating suicide attacks against Afghan and NATO troops inside Afghanistan. Mr. Haqqani has maintained close links to the ISI dating to the 1980s Afghan war against the Soviet Union. The Central Intelligence Agency also forged ties to Mr. Haqqani during the war, providing financing and arms to the Pashtun commander. "Haqqani has been at the center of the insurgency for the past three years," said the U.S. official. "But he's become even more active in recent months." The CIA and ISI have debated in recent years what to do with Mr. Haqqani. The ISI has argued that the commander could potentially be integrated into the Kabul government's security apparatus, potentially winning additional support for Hamid Karzai's government from Afghanistan's sizable Pashtun population. The U.S. has concluded that Mr. Haqqani and his son, Siraj Haqqani, have grown too close to al Qaeda to be part of any reconciliation process. The ISI's suspected role in the Kabul attack has increased tensions between Washington and Islamabad over how to tame Pakistan's tribal regions. The issue was discussed during President George W. Bush's meeting this week with Pakistani Prime Minister Yousef Raza Gilani. The CIA sent its No. 2 official, Steve Kappes, to Islamabad last month to discuss concerns over the border areas. 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