Pan-African Origins & Emergence: The Overthrow of the Convention People's Party (CPP) and Democratic Party of Guinea (PDG), Leading to the Emergence of the PRPAG / A-APRP (GC)
The A-APRP(GC) / PRPAG is the product of the relentless struggle within the Pan-African Movement for ideological clarity, a scientific and precise revolutionary objective, strategy, and mass Pan-African socialist political organization. The A-APRP(GC) / PRPAG represents both a quantitative and qualitative development in Africa's long and glorious history of struggle against class exploitation, national, and women's oppression. It heralds a re-emergence of revolutionary Pan-Africanist struggle to qualify and improve the revolutionary ideology and Pan-Africanist socialist political party needed by African People to destroy capitalism, imperialism, neo-colonialism, neo-liberalism, globalization, zionism, racism, and women's oppression and realize for the African and larger International struggles democratic and women's rights, national independence, political unification, and scientific socialism. The emergence of the nationalist phase of the Pan-African Movement in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries ushered in concrete efforts at building mass, All-African organizations. There was serious political and ideological struggle over the question of our correct nationalism and the role of Africa in the Pan-African struggle of African people. The African intelligentsia, most reactionary, some progressive, and a minute few genuine revolutionaries led the nationalist phase. The Pan-African Movement assumed its initial modern organizational expression and form in 1900, with the convening of the First Pan-African Conference spearheaded by Sylvester Williams, Bishop Henry Walters and W.E.B. DuBois; and later the Universal Negro Improvement Association organized by the Honorable Marcus Garvey, the Pan-African Congresses organized by Dr. W.E. B. DuBois, the National Congress of British West Africa led by Joseph Casely Hayford, the Liga Africana of the Portuguese Colonies of Africa, and South America led by Jose de Magalhaes. The Fifth Pan-African Congress, organized by George Padmore, and co-chaired by Dr. W.E.B. DuBois and Kwame Nkrumah marked the beginning of a new ideological and organizational period that saw the intensification of the mass movement phase of the African Revolution with the emergence of new forms of revolutionary, mass, Pan-African political movements and parties adequate to the task of struggling for and attaining political independence. This phase emphasized mass confrontation, Positive Action, against the colonialists and imperialists. This phase was also marked by definitive positions on the questions of capitalism and socialism. "Whereas capitalism is a development by refinement from slavery and feudalism, socialism does not contain the fundamental ingredient of capitalism, the principle of exploitation. . .Capitalism is unjust; in our newly independent countries it is to not only too complicated to be workable, it is also foreign. In sum the restitution of Africa's humanist and egalitarian principles of society require socialism." (Kwame Nkrumah,. Consciencism. P. 73-77) This process gained intensity and speed with the founding of the Democratic Party of Guinea (PDG) in 1947 under the leadership of Ahmed Sekou Toure, and of the Convention People's Party of Ghana (CPP) in 1949 under the leadership of Kwame Nkrumah. In less than a decade, mass parties spread to every corner of the African World. Three watershed events occurred in 1957 and 1958, the gaining of independence by Ghana and Guinea, and the government of Ghana convening the First All-African People's Conference, which was the Sixth Pan-African Congress. These historic events signaled the birth of a new stage in the African Revolution. In 12 short years following the Fifth Pan-African Congress, the political situation and conditions in Africa ripened, making it possible to firmly and irrevocably root the Pan-African Movement in Africa, its only true home. The FBI-CIA (USA), PIDE (Portugal), MOSSAD (Israel), M16 (Britain), SDECE (France), and other capitalist and zionist intelligence agencies, all enemies of the African Revolution, sabotaged and undermined genuine independence gained through the direction of Revolutionary parties. As a result of treachery of the African intelligentsia and military inside of Africa, agents of capitalism, neo- colonialism, and zionism, a wave of coup d'etats, and attempted coups, 1962 to 1967, led to the consolidation of neo-colonialism inside the party and the state. Coup d'etats were carried out in Senegal (1962), Togo (1963 & 1967)), Brazzaville (1963), Dahomey (1963 & 1965), Niamey (1963), Tanzania (1964), Uganda (1964), Kenya (1964), Gabon (1964), Algeria (1965), Congo (1965), (Central African Republic (1965), Upper Volta (1965), Nigeria (January & July, 1966), Ghana (1966), Burundi (1966), and Sierra Leone (1967). "For the African bourgeoisie, the class which thrived under colonialism, is the same class which is benefiting under post-independence, neo-colonial period. Its basic interest lies in preserving capitalist structures. It is therefore, in alliance with international monopoly finance capital and neocolonialism, and in direct conflict with the African Masses, whose aspirations can only be fulfilled through scientific socialism. (Kwame Nkrumah, Class Struggle in Africa, P. 11-12,). The CIA engineered coup in Ghana, February 24, 1966, ushered in a new phase; struggle against neo-colonialism; the last phase of imperialism. With the overthrow of the Nkrumah government in Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah was made co-President of The Republic of Guinea and Secretary General of the PDG. Under the leadership of the PDG and Ahmed Sekou Toure, Guinea became the base of the revolutionary struggle for Pan-Africanism. Correctly analyzing this new reality, Kwame Nkrumah published, The Handbook of Revolutionary Warfare, in which he called for the "formation of the All-African People's Revolutionary Party to coordinate policies and to direct action. ...A political party linking all liberated territories and struggling parties under a common ideology; and thus smoothing the way for continental unity, while at the same time greatly assisting the prosecution of the All-African People's War". (P. 56-57). His independence day speech was clearer than ever and provided greater impetus to the Pan-African Movement as he so emphatically had stated, March 6, 1957, "the independence of Ghana is meaningless without the total liberation and unification of the African continent" and thus the necessity for the A-APRP(GC) / PRPAG. Nkrumah understood that without the political unification of Africa, imperialism, through neo-colonialism, would always find a base there and Africa would remain divided. A Revolutionary Pan-Africanist socialist political party must be built to unite Africa as one. The A-APRP (GC) / PRPAG seeks to further qualify this analysis by recognizing the need to ground the Party at the level of the People, to build it from the bottom up, especially in those areas of Africa and the African Diaspora where no mass, revolutionary, Pan-African Movement or socialist party exists. We believe, that by linking Africans from all over the World into one mass, revolutionary, Pan-Africanist socialist political party, we will help lay the foundation for the linkage of progressive and revolutionary socialist African states in Africa and abroad and accelerate the destruction of neo-colonialism and achieve Pan-Africanism. Kwame Ture always educated Africans to understand that, "Imperialism will find its grave in Africa." The African Revolution has reached a new phase, placing the struggle for scientific socialism in the forefront of the struggle for Pan-Africanism. Sham independence, manipulated and controlled by neo-colonial parties and governments, dominates the African World. Genuine independence, for Africans, has only been realized through revolution with the class struggle as its impetus and with the development of socialist states. Socialism is the only economic system that has as its primary mission fulfilling the social, political, economic, spiritual, and cultural needs of the people rather than enriching the few. The national question and "national" independence is fundamental to the African Revolution. "But while it would not be harmful not to recognize the emergence of the racial factor in the revolutionary struggle, it must not be allowed to confuse or obscure the fundamental issue of socialist revolution, which is the class struggle. . . Socialism can only be achieved through class struggle." (Kwame Nkrumah. Class Struggle in Africa. P. 83-84). For Africa, genuine independence will not be realized short of a Unified Socialist Africa. Nkrumah's publication of Class Struggle in Africa, Neo-colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism, and Consciencism, and the publication of Doctrines and Methods of the Democratic Party of Guinea, Women in Society, Strategy and Tactics of the Revolution, Revolution, Pan-Africanism, and Culture, For the Emancipation of Guinean Youth, and Africa on the Move by Ahmed Sekou Toure, provided the Pan-African Movement with an ideological, strategic, and organizational framework that enabled it to initiate a worldwide effort to lay the foundation for the emergence of this All-African political party. For the past four decades, our only program was and remains: Build the A-APRP(GC) / PRPAG. Nkrumah and Toure properly analyzed that the motive force of the African Revolution are the Masses of workers, and peasants in alliance with the revolutionary intelligentsia. Given the political changes in the World today and based on our own revolutionary work and struggle, the A-APRP (GC) / PRPAG recognizes the need to recruit among all sectors of the People and to identify and involve Friends and Supporters of the African Revolution who seek peripheral membership in our Party today, yet supports its revolutionary work. Friends and Supporters are key contributors to the revolutionary process whose role and contributions we do not minimize. The A-APRP (GC) / PRPAG's immediate task is to ideologically and organizationally develop, Pan-African revolutionary socialist Cadre, particularly women and youth, who are capable of and willing to politically educate and organize the Masses of oppressed African People worldwide. "Socialist revolutionaries seek a complete and fundamental transformation of society and the abolition of privileged classes . . .( Kwame Nkrumah, Class Struggle in Africa. P. 80). Our Cadres are simply socialist revolutionaries who have committed themselves to African People's revolutionary struggle against all forms of corruption, economic exploitation and political oppression. We have chosen class struggle, the liberation and political unification of Africa and the victory of Pan-Africanism over capitalism, neo-colonialism, zionism, and imperialism as our primary and life-long work. We have forsaken a life of leisure and cast our fate with the oppressed, exploited, and impoverished African Masses. The A-APRP(GC) / PRPAG began to take concrete expression and form with the creation of the 1st Work-Study Circle in Guinea, in 1968; and later in the United States, Canada, the Caribbean, England, France and several countries in Africa. Since 1968, the A-APRP(GC) / PRPAG has recruited Africans born in over 33 countries in Africa and the African Diaspora. It has also developed a worldwide network of progressive and revolutionary allies and supporters. 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