> In theory I think you could gain 4 stops. One stop is x2
> more light, so x2^4 should translate to 4 stops.

Yep, 1 stop == 1 bit, conveniently.

> However, that requires a linear intensity response from
> the sensor and the same size of the steps. If you just put
> 16bit within the same dynamic range that is covered by
> the 12 bit you may get better nuances but not dynamic range....

Well, technically you *do* get more dynamic range.  Dynamic range is 
basically the ratio between the smallest change measurable, and the largest 
value measurable.  So for 12 bit you basically have 4095:1 dynamic range; 
for 16 bit 65535:1 dynamic range.

What you choose to be maximum determines if you have over-exposure lattitude 
or not, which is a different thing altogether.  So in 16 bit, you could 
shoot 4 stops underexposed, and get the same nuances as 12 bit, but with 4 
stops of over-exposure latitude.

Nice in theory anyway.... Of course, in the real world the linearity comes 
in to play as you say, but, as discussed previously, theres a point where 
sensor noise makes more bits basically meaningless.

Love, Light and Peace,
- Peter Loveday


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