On Sun, Apr 10, 2011 at 05:27:53PM -0700, Larry Colen wrote:
> In my typical geeky fashion, I'm trying to wrap my head around all of the 
> ramifications of adjusting sensitivity (ISO) on my camera. Please correct the 
> errors in my understanding.
> 
> In the simplest form, it is a measure of how many LSBs per photon (or tens, 
> thousands or millions of photons).

[calculations elided]

> Is this basically accurate?

You're missing a few significant points.  The ISO gain is an analog 
amplification
stage, and so will itself introduce noise.  The higher the gain, the more noise.

The whole thing is an exercise in signal-to-noise ratio.  Counting photons 
doesn't
give you a whole extra bit of information if you increase the resolution of the
counter, because you're summing inherently noisy signals.  That means the 
signal-
to-noise ratio only goes up about half as fast as you would expect; to get a 
factor
of N increase in signal-to-noise ratio you need to increase the total count ny a
factor of N squared.





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