>From todays Writer's Almanac:

http://writersalmanac.publicradio.org/index.php?date=2012/01/04

Today is the birthday of Sir Isaac Newton, born in Woolsthorpe,
England (1643). He was born very prematurely, and it was said that he
could fit into a quart pot. His father had died three months before
Newton was born, and the plan was for the boy to take over the running
of the family farm when he grew up. He wasn't a good farmer, and his
uncle suggested that he be sent to the university instead. He went to
Cambridge, and when it was shut down during a plague year, Newton went
home and studied mathematics and physics on his own. It was during
this time that he first developed his theories of gravity and optics.
He returned to Cambridge in 1667, intending to study alchemy, but
ended up teaching mathematics. His first published scientific
achievement was the invention of a reflecting telescope.

At the age of 43, Newton published his Principia, which overturned
nearly everything humankind had believed about the universe up to that
point. He proved that the celestial bodies were governed by the same
laws of physics as objects on Earth. He incorporated Kepler's laws of
planetary motion into his own theories about gravity, and established
the three laws of motion. The First Law states that objects at rest
tend to remain at rest, and objects in motion tend to remain in
motion, unless they are acted upon by an external force; the Second
Law states that an applied force on an object equals the rate of
change of its momentum with time; and the Third Law states that for
every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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