Hi, (*1*) In response to my PEIRCE-L post dated 11/22/2015, Petoukhov wrote to me this morning:
"From the formal standpoint, our voice apparatus is a vibro-system with many degrees of freedom (112315-1) and with its resonant frequencies." This statement, when combined with his earlier theoretical results [1, 2], naturally leads to the following generarization: "*All living systems and their components are vibro-systems with many degrees of freedom *(112315-2) *with their resonant frequencies.*" With Petoukhov's permission and for reasons of convenience, I decided to refer to Statement (112315-2) as the '*Petoukhov hypothesis*'. (*2*) One experimental evidence supporting the Petoukhov hypothesis is that 3 of the 64 codons shown in Table 1 below (i.e., TAA, TAG, and TGA) encode the "actions" of stopping the transcriptional process rather than any amino acids (when viewed superficially). One plausible way to account for this fact would be that the 3 nucleotide triplets located along the the DNA double helix, i.e., the stop codons, may transfer their 'resonant frequencies' (i.e., their associated vibrational energies) to an RNA polymerase molecule thereby stopping its motions along the DNA tracks, preventing transcription. In fact the same molecular mechanism may be responsible for transcribing the amino acid-coding codons on DNA to its conjugate mRNA product. That is, these amino acid-coding codons may transfer their resonant frequencies to a mRNA polymerase molecule so that it can carry out the transcriptional process rather than stopping it, unlike the stopping action-coding codons. *Table 1*. *64 Codons connect nucleotide triplets to amino acid actions* (i.e., their resonant vibrational frequencies) mediated by transcriptional and translational processes. *CCC* *Pro* *CCA* *Pro* *CAC* *His* *CAA* *Gln* *ACC* *Thr* *ACA **Thr* *AAC **Asn* *AAA **Lys* *CCT* *Pro* *CCG* *Pro* *CAT* *His* *CAG* *Gln* *ACT **Thr* *ACG* *Thr* *AAT **Asn* *AAG **Lys* *CTC* *Leu* *CTA **Leu* *CGC **Arg* *CGA* *Arg* *ATC* *Ile* *ATA* *Met* *AGC **Ser* *AGA**Arg* *CTT **Leu* *CTG* *Leu* *CGT **Arg* *CGG* *Arg* *ATT* *Ile* *ATG **Met* *AGT* *Ser* *AGG**Arg* *TCC **Ser* *TCA* *Ser* *TAC **Tyr* *TAA **Stop* *GCC **Ala* *GCA **Ala* *GAC **Asp* *GAA* *Glu* *TCT* *Ser* *TCG **Ser* *TAT **Tyr* *TAG **Stop* *GCT **Ala* *GCG **Ala* *GAT **Asp* *GAG **Glu* *TTC **Phe* *TTA **Leu* *TGC **Cys* *TGA**Stop* *GTC **Val* *GTA **Val* *GGC **Gly* *GGA **Gly* *TTT* *Phe* *TTG **Leu* *TGT **Cys* *TGG **Trp* *GTT **Val* *GTG **Val* *GGT **Gly* *GGG **Gly* (*3*) Let us remember that the resonant frequencies, *ν, *of an oscillator is related to its energy, *E, *via the "Planck–Einstein relation <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck%E2%80%93Einstein_relation>" ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_constant): [image: E = h \nu] (112315-3) Of curse, a codon on DNA carry not only the *resonant vibrational energy* determined by (112315-3) but also the '*genetic information*' encoded in the molecular shape of the codon that is essential for recognizing (and transferring resonant energy to) its binding partner on an RNA polymerase. In other words, we must be careful not to be blinded by the elegance of the Planck-Einstein relation, Eq. (112315-3), and forget the equally important 'genetic information' stored in a codon, since the *action* of a codon depends on both its vibrational ENERGY and genetic INFORMATION, in agreement with the Principle of Information-Energy complementarity or the Gnergy Principle of Organization [3]. The Petoukhov hypothesis, (112315-2), is consistent with the information-energy requirement for the action of a codon because the *resonant frequencies* of a codon embody both the *vibrational energy* and the *information about the molecular mass and shape* of the codon that determine its *resonant waves*. All the best. Sung -- Sungchul Ji, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers University Piscataway, N.J. 08855 732-445-4701 www.conformon.net *References:* [1] Petoukhov, S. V. (2015). The system-resonance approach in modeling genetic structures. BioSystem (n press). The pre-print at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/aip/03032647 . [2] Petoukhov, S. D. (2015). Music and the Modeling Approach to Genetic Systems of Biological Resonances (Genetic System and Vibrational Mechanics). The 4th ISIS Summit, Vienna, 2015. Power Point slides at http://sciforum.net/conference/70/paper/2812. [3] Ji, S. (2012). Information-Energy Complementarity <http://www.conformon.net/?attachment_id=1110> as the Principle of Organization. In: Molecular Theory of the Living Cell: concepts, Molecular Mechanisms, and Biomedical Applicaitons. Springber, New York. Pp. 110-113. PDF at http://www.conformon.net under Publications > Book Chapters.
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