Robert Naiman wrote:
> What does it mean to say that the electoral system is "rigged"?

I thought that this issue had been discussed on pen-l and that it was
clear from the context of my previous message in this thread.

In Vegas, when a roulette wheel is "rigged" that means that the house
always wins. It's not just the matter of there being only a 1 in 38
chance of a number winning at the same time that winning only pays 35
to 1. There is some warp in the wheel's operations so that there's
less than 1 chance in 38 of winning.

In the US electoral system, there's a systematic bias toward (1)
favoring the two main business parties (the DP and GOP) and (2) toward
favoring the interests of the rich (and other forces of the _status
quo_, such as the Pentagon and its industrial allies), so that the
electoral system alone cannot be a source of significant social and
economic change. At best, those changes come from social and political
pressures from outside the electoral system, with the electoral system
reflecting those pressures. And we must recognize that such external
pressures are not only reflected but also distorted, so that the
electoral system is like a fun house mirror, but less fun.

> As individuals, those with more money have more political influence
> than those with less money. So?

In practice, the one-dollar/one-vote principle trumps the
one-person/one-vote principle almost every time. If one believes in
democracy as a basic political principle, that matters a lot. There's
a lot of "what" to go along with that "so."

> It's one thing if you want to challenge a claim that a bad policy
> enacted by the officials produced has a democratic mandate.
> But if one is speaking about proposals for political engagement, the
> "rigged" claim is the ally of the inactivist, not the ally of the
> activist.

No, if you read what I wrote, you'd see that I did not say that. If
people want to be "active" in the voting booth, that's fine with me.
It may not be _true_ activism, but if someone wants to do it, it
doesn't hurt anyone. It helps people learn the nature of the electoral
system. (In some cases, voting can have an effect, as with
California's budget propositions. But too often we are _forced_ to
vote to knock down some really obnoxious proposition.)

> I think the rest follows, once you take as your starting point that
> "the system is rigged." If "the system is rigged," there's nothing we
> can do.

It helps if you read the context. You'd see that my opinions are very
different from those of the "Frankfurt school" in which we have no
choice but to endure the tightening of Max Weber's iron cage.
-- 
Jim DevineĀ / "Segui il tuo corso, e lascia dir le genti." (Go your own
way and let people talk.) -- Karl, paraphrasing Dante.
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