ATLANTA July 1,
2004 � Three people died of rabies after receiving infected organs
from the same donor in what the government says are the first documented
cases of the disease being spread through organ transplants.
Federal agencies are now looking into whether transplant organs should
be screened for the rabies virus.
The lungs, kidneys and liver of an Arkansas man who died in May were
donated to four patients in Texas, Oklahoma and Alabama, the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention said Thursday. Three of them died of
rabies; the fourth, in Alabama, died of complications during surgery, the
CDC said.
The donor had shown no symptoms of rabies before his death from a brain
hemorrhage, said Dr. Mitchell Cohen, director of the CDC coordinating
center for infectious diseases.
"We are learning as we go this has never happened before," Cohen
said.
While these are the first known cases of rabies being spread through
donated organs, at least eight people have contracted the virus through
cornea transplants, the CDC said.
Rabies testing is not routinely done on U.S. organ donors, although
there are routine screenings for other diseases, including hepatitis B and
C, HIV and syphilis. Rabies has not been found in donated blood.
The CDC said it is working with health officials in the four states to
determine whether other people who had contact with the organ recipients
or the donor need treatment for rabies.
Rabies cases in humans are extremely rare in the United States. On
average, only one or two people die from the disease each year, according
to the CDC. There were no human cases in 2001, the latest year for which
figures are available.
The few people who contract rabies usually get it after being bitten or
scratched by an infected bat.
In the transplant-patient deaths, the virus could have been in the
nerves of the transplanted organs, Cohen said.
Symptoms of rabies can include fever or headache, and later, confusion,
sleepiness or agitation. People usually start to show signs up to three
months after being infected.
Last fall, scientists discovered the West Nile virus could spread
through blood transfusions and organ transplants. That led to the
screening of blood donations for the mosquito-borne virus.
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