hashtext: fix fragile code.

Previously, in the path for non-deterministic collations, the code
assumed that bsize==rsize. That assumption seems to be true for ICU,
and all non-deterministic collations are ICU, so it's not known to be
an actual bug.

The only known place where bsize may not equal rsize is in the libc
provider, where strxfrm() can return an upper bound of the size needed
to store the result. That means the initial call to determine the
buffer size (with dest==NULL, n==0) could return a larger number than
the actual call with an adequate dest buffer. That's OK, because libc
locales are always deterministic.

Commit 679c5084cf2 partially fixed the assumption, but missed this
part. Fix it, and add a more prominent documentation note.

Reviewed-by: Haibo Yan <[email protected]>
Discussion: 
https://postgr.es/m/CABXr29Hb31nkj1g2Jmk+1BhAm=3ecgs_pwy4tu++j8cqbnb...@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 16

Branch
------
master

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/aa655f88f71bc747083a4c7e04b6294ff6d19da6

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/access/hash/hashfunc.c     |  4 ++--
src/backend/utils/adt/pg_locale.c      |  8 +++++---
src/backend/utils/adt/pg_locale_libc.c | 10 ++++++++++
src/backend/utils/adt/varchar.c        |  4 ++--
4 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

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