hashtext: fix fragile code.

Previously, in the path for non-deterministic collations, the code
assumed that bsize==rsize. That assumption seems to be true for ICU,
and all non-deterministic collations are ICU, so it's not known to be
an actual bug.

The only known place where bsize may not equal rsize is in the libc
provider, where strxfrm() can return an upper bound of the size needed
to store the result. That means the initial call to determine the
buffer size (with dest==NULL, n==0) could return a larger number than
the actual call with an adequate dest buffer. That's OK, because libc
locales are always deterministic.

Commit 679c5084cf2 partially fixed the assumption, but missed this
part. Fix it, and add a more prominent documentation note.

Reviewed-by: Haibo Yan <[email protected]>
Discussion: 
https://postgr.es/m/CABXr29Hb31nkj1g2Jmk+1BhAm=3ecgs_pwy4tu++j8cqbnb...@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 16

Branch
------
REL_19_STABLE

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/3849ce5b3094f6d679a4c474f0654eba5187b14d

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/access/hash/hashfunc.c     |  4 ++--
src/backend/utils/adt/pg_locale.c      |  8 +++++---
src/backend/utils/adt/pg_locale_libc.c | 10 ++++++++++
src/backend/utils/adt/varchar.c        |  4 ++--
4 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

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