Hi,
On Mon, Mar 10, 2025 at 04:46:53PM +0900, Michael Paquier wrote:
> On Sat, Mar 08, 2025 at 07:53:04AM +0000, Bertrand Drouvot wrote:
> > That would not be an issue should we only access the struct
> > fields in the code, but that's not the case as we're making use of
> > pg_memory_is_all_zeros() on it.
>
> It does not hurt to keep it as it is, honestly.
I believe that's worse than before actually. Before padding bytes would
"probably"
be set to zeros while now it's certainly not always the case. I think that
we already removed this (see comments === 4 in [1]).
> I've reviewed the last patch of the series
Thanks!
> and noticed a couple of
> inconsistent comments across it, and some indentation issue.
I think I ran pgindent though. Anyway, thanks for fixing those!
> @@ -199,7 +258,8 @@ pgstat_flush_backend(bool nowait, bits32 flags)
> return false;
>
> if (pg_memory_is_all_zeros(&PendingBackendStats,
> - sizeof(struct PgStat_BackendPending)))
> + sizeof(struct PgStat_BackendPending))
> + && !pgstat_backend_wal_have_pending())
> return false;
>
> I have one issue with pgstat_flush_backend() and the early exit check
> done here. If for example we use FLUSH_WAL but there is some IO data
> pending, we would lock the stats entry for nothing. We could also
> return true even if there is no pending WAL data if the lock could not
> be taken, which would be incorrect because there was no data to flush
> to begin with. I think that this should be adjusted so as we limit
> the entry lock depending on the flags given in input, like in the
> attached.
Yeah I agree this needs to be improved, thanks!
+ /* Some IO data pending? */
+ if ((flags & PGSTAT_BACKEND_FLUSH_IO) &&
+ !pg_memory_is_all_zeros(&PendingBackendStats,
+ sizeof(struct
PgStat_BackendPending)))
+ has_pending_data = true;
if PgStat_BackendPending contains more than pending_io in the future, then
that would check for zeros in a too large memory region.
I think it's better to check for:
if (pg_memory_is_all_zeros(&PendingBackendStats.pending_io,
sizeof(struct
PgStat_PendingIO)))
like in the attached. Or check on "backend_has_iostats" (if 0002 in [2] goes
in).
+ /* Some WAL data pending? */
+ if ((flags & PGSTAT_BACKEND_FLUSH_WAL) &&
+ pgstat_backend_wal_have_pending())
+ has_pending_data = true;
I think we can use "else if" here (done in the attached) as it's not needed if
has_pending_data is already set to true.
That's the only 2 changes done in the attached as compared to the previous
version.
Regards,
[1]:
https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/Z44vMD/rALy8pfVE%40ip-10-97-1-34.eu-west-3.compute.internal
[2]:
https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/Z8WYf1jyy4MwOveQ%40ip-10-97-1-34.eu-west-3.compute.internal
Regards,
--
Bertrand Drouvot
PostgreSQL Contributors Team
RDS Open Source Databases
Amazon Web Services: https://aws.amazon.com
>From d93548d9b14dfba7c6ef3c8544c441ec29c12361 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2025 16:45:26 +0900
Subject: [PATCH v18] per backend WAL statistics
Now that commit 9aea73fc61 added backend-level statistics to pgstats (and
per backend IO statistics) we can more easily add per backend statistics.
This commit adds per backend WAL statistics using the same layer as pg_stat_wal,
except that it is now possible to know how much WAL activity is happening in each
backend rather than an overall aggregate of all the activity. A function called
pg_stat_get_backend_wal() is added to access this data depending on the
PID of a backend.
The same limitation as in 9aea73fc61 persists, meaning that Auxiliary processes
are not included in this set of statistics.
XXX: bump catalog version
XXX: bump of stats file format not required, as backend stats do not
persist on disk.
---
doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml | 19 +++++
src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_backend.c | 86 ++++++++++++++++++++-
src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_wal.c | 1 +
src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c | 26 ++++++-
src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat | 7 ++
src/include/pgstat.h | 41 +++++-----
src/include/utils/pgstat_internal.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/stats.out | 17 +++-
src/test/regress/sql/stats.sql | 9 ++-
9 files changed, 183 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)
13.0% doc/src/sgml/
46.2% src/backend/utils/activity/
12.8% src/backend/utils/adt/
7.2% src/include/catalog/
3.7% src/include/utils/
8.4% src/test/regress/expected/
6.8% src/test/regress/sql/
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
index 16646f560e8..b1710680705 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
@@ -4866,6 +4866,25 @@ description | Waiting for a newly initialized WAL file to reach durable storage
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry id="pg-stat-get-backend-wal" role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>pg_stat_get_backend_wal</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <function>pg_stat_get_backend_wal</function> ( <type>integer</type> )
+ <returnvalue>record</returnvalue>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Returns WAL statistics about the backend with the specified
+ process ID. The output fields are exactly the same as the ones in the
+ <structname>pg_stat_wal</structname> view.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ The function does not return WAL statistics for the checkpointer,
+ the background writer, the startup process and the autovacuum launcher.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
<indexterm>
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_backend.c b/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_backend.c
index 6efbb650aa8..f414a48c242 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_backend.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_backend.c
@@ -38,6 +38,14 @@
*/
static PgStat_BackendPending PendingBackendStats = {0};
+/*
+ * WAL usage counters saved from pgWalUsage at the previous call to
+ * pgstat_report_wal(). This is used to calculate how much WAL usage
+ * happens between pgstat_report_wal() calls, by subtracting the previous
+ * counters from the current ones.
+ */
+static WalUsage prevBackendWalUsage;
+
/*
* Utility routines to report I/O stats for backends, kept here to avoid
* exposing PendingBackendStats to the outside world.
@@ -184,6 +192,57 @@ pgstat_flush_backend_entry_io(PgStat_EntryRef *entry_ref)
MemSet(&PendingBackendStats.pending_io, 0, sizeof(PgStat_PendingIO));
}
+/*
+ * To determine whether WAL usage happened.
+ */
+static inline bool
+pgstat_backend_wal_have_pending(void)
+{
+ return pgWalUsage.wal_records != prevBackendWalUsage.wal_records;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Flush out locally pending backend WAL statistics. Locking is managed
+ * by the caller.
+ */
+static void
+pgstat_flush_backend_entry_wal(PgStat_EntryRef *entry_ref)
+{
+ PgStatShared_Backend *shbackendent;
+ PgStat_WalCounters *bktype_shstats;
+ WalUsage wal_usage_diff = {0};
+
+ /*
+ * This function can be called even if nothing at all has happened for WAL
+ * statistics. In this case, avoid unnecessarily modifying the stats
+ * entry.
+ */
+ if (!pgstat_backend_wal_have_pending())
+ return;
+
+ shbackendent = (PgStatShared_Backend *) entry_ref->shared_stats;
+ bktype_shstats = &shbackendent->stats.wal_counters;
+
+ /*
+ * Calculate how much WAL usage counters were increased by subtracting the
+ * previous counters from the current ones.
+ */
+ WalUsageAccumDiff(&wal_usage_diff, &pgWalUsage, &prevBackendWalUsage);
+
+#define WALSTAT_ACC(fld, var_to_add) \
+ (bktype_shstats->fld += var_to_add.fld)
+ WALSTAT_ACC(wal_buffers_full, wal_usage_diff);
+ WALSTAT_ACC(wal_records, wal_usage_diff);
+ WALSTAT_ACC(wal_fpi, wal_usage_diff);
+ WALSTAT_ACC(wal_bytes, wal_usage_diff);
+#undef WALSTAT_ACC
+
+ /*
+ * Save the current counters for the subsequent calculation of WAL usage.
+ */
+ prevBackendWalUsage = pgWalUsage;
+}
+
/*
* Flush out locally pending backend statistics
*
@@ -194,12 +253,22 @@ bool
pgstat_flush_backend(bool nowait, bits32 flags)
{
PgStat_EntryRef *entry_ref;
+ bool has_pending_data = false;
if (!pgstat_tracks_backend_bktype(MyBackendType))
return false;
- if (pg_memory_is_all_zeros(&PendingBackendStats,
- sizeof(struct PgStat_BackendPending)))
+ /* Some IO data pending? */
+ if ((flags & PGSTAT_BACKEND_FLUSH_IO) &&
+ !pg_memory_is_all_zeros(&PendingBackendStats.pending_io,
+ sizeof(struct PgStat_PendingIO)))
+ has_pending_data = true;
+ /* Some WAL data pending? */
+ else if ((flags & PGSTAT_BACKEND_FLUSH_WAL) &&
+ pgstat_backend_wal_have_pending())
+ has_pending_data = true;
+
+ if (!has_pending_data)
return false;
entry_ref = pgstat_get_entry_ref_locked(PGSTAT_KIND_BACKEND, InvalidOid,
@@ -211,6 +280,9 @@ pgstat_flush_backend(bool nowait, bits32 flags)
if (flags & PGSTAT_BACKEND_FLUSH_IO)
pgstat_flush_backend_entry_io(entry_ref);
+ if (flags & PGSTAT_BACKEND_FLUSH_WAL)
+ pgstat_flush_backend_entry_wal(entry_ref);
+
pgstat_unlock_entry(entry_ref);
return false;
@@ -226,7 +298,8 @@ pgstat_backend_have_pending_cb(void)
return false;
return (!pg_memory_is_all_zeros(&PendingBackendStats,
- sizeof(struct PgStat_BackendPending)));
+ sizeof(struct PgStat_BackendPending)) ||
+ pgstat_backend_wal_have_pending());
}
/*
@@ -261,6 +334,13 @@ pgstat_create_backend(ProcNumber procnum)
pgstat_unlock_entry(entry_ref);
MemSet(&PendingBackendStats, 0, sizeof(PgStat_BackendPending));
+
+ /*
+ * Initialize prevBackendWalUsage with pgWalUsage so that
+ * pgstat_backend_flush_cb() can calculate how much pgWalUsage counters
+ * are increased by subtracting prevBackendWalUsage from pgWalUsage.
+ */
+ prevBackendWalUsage = pgWalUsage;
}
/*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_wal.c b/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_wal.c
index 5d3da4b674e..16a1ecb4d90 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_wal.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_wal.c
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ pgstat_report_wal(bool force)
/* flush wal stats */
(void) pgstat_wal_flush_cb(nowait);
+ pgstat_flush_backend(nowait, PGSTAT_BACKEND_FLUSH_WAL);
/* flush IO stats */
pgstat_flush_io(nowait);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c
index 9172e1cb9d2..662ce46cbc2 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c
@@ -1609,8 +1609,8 @@ pg_stat_get_backend_io(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
/*
* pg_stat_wal_build_tuple
*
- * Helper routine for pg_stat_get_wal() returning one tuple based on the
- * contents of wal_counters.
+ * Helper routine for pg_stat_get_wal() and pg_stat_get_backend_wal()
+ * returning one tuple based on the contents of wal_counters.
*/
static Datum
pg_stat_wal_build_tuple(PgStat_WalCounters wal_counters,
@@ -1659,6 +1659,28 @@ pg_stat_wal_build_tuple(PgStat_WalCounters wal_counters,
PG_RETURN_DATUM(HeapTupleGetDatum(heap_form_tuple(tupdesc, values, nulls)));
}
+/*
+ * Returns WAL statistics for a backend with given PID.
+ */
+Datum
+pg_stat_get_backend_wal(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+ int pid;
+ PgStat_Backend *backend_stats;
+ PgStat_WalCounters bktype_stats;
+
+ pid = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+ backend_stats = pgstat_fetch_stat_backend_by_pid(pid, NULL);
+
+ if (!backend_stats)
+ PG_RETURN_NULL();
+
+ bktype_stats = backend_stats->wal_counters;
+
+ /* save tuples with data from this PgStat_WalCounters */
+ return (pg_stat_wal_build_tuple(bktype_stats, backend_stats->stat_reset_timestamp));
+}
+
/*
* Returns statistics of WAL activity
*/
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
index cede992b6e2..42e427f8fe8 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
@@ -5973,6 +5973,13 @@
proargmodes => '{o,o,o,o,o}',
proargnames => '{wal_records,wal_fpi,wal_bytes,wal_buffers_full,stats_reset}',
prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_wal' },
+{ oid => '8037', descr => 'statistics: backend WAL activity',
+ proname => 'pg_stat_get_backend_wal', provolatile => 'v', proparallel => 'r',
+ prorettype => 'record', proargtypes => 'int4',
+ proallargtypes => '{int4,int8,int8,numeric,int8,timestamptz}',
+ proargmodes => '{i,o,o,o,o,o}',
+ proargnames => '{backend_pid,wal_records,wal_fpi,wal_bytes,wal_buffers_full,stats_reset}',
+ prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_backend_wal' },
{ oid => '6248', descr => 'statistics: information about WAL prefetching',
proname => 'pg_stat_get_recovery_prefetch', prorows => '1', proretset => 't',
provolatile => 'v', prorettype => 'record', proargtypes => '',
diff --git a/src/include/pgstat.h b/src/include/pgstat.h
index 4aad10b0b6d..def6b370ac1 100644
--- a/src/include/pgstat.h
+++ b/src/include/pgstat.h
@@ -340,24 +340,6 @@ typedef struct PgStat_IO
PgStat_BktypeIO stats[BACKEND_NUM_TYPES];
} PgStat_IO;
-typedef struct PgStat_Backend
-{
- TimestampTz stat_reset_timestamp;
- PgStat_BktypeIO io_stats;
-} PgStat_Backend;
-
-/* ---------
- * PgStat_BackendPending Non-flushed backend stats.
- * ---------
- */
-typedef struct PgStat_BackendPending
-{
- /*
- * Backend statistics store the same amount of IO data as PGSTAT_KIND_IO.
- */
- PgStat_PendingIO pending_io;
-} PgStat_BackendPending;
-
typedef struct PgStat_StatDBEntry
{
PgStat_Counter xact_commit;
@@ -500,6 +482,29 @@ typedef struct PgStat_WalStats
TimestampTz stat_reset_timestamp;
} PgStat_WalStats;
+/* -------
+ * PgStat_Backend Backend statistics
+ * -------
+ */
+typedef struct PgStat_Backend
+{
+ TimestampTz stat_reset_timestamp;
+ PgStat_BktypeIO io_stats;
+ PgStat_WalCounters wal_counters;
+} PgStat_Backend;
+
+/* ---------
+ * PgStat_BackendPending Non-flushed backend stats.
+ * ---------
+ */
+typedef struct PgStat_BackendPending
+{
+ /*
+ * Backend statistics store the same amount of IO data as PGSTAT_KIND_IO.
+ */
+ PgStat_PendingIO pending_io;
+} PgStat_BackendPending;
+
/*
* Functions in pgstat.c
*/
diff --git a/src/include/utils/pgstat_internal.h b/src/include/utils/pgstat_internal.h
index 36d228e3558..d5557e6e998 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/pgstat_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/pgstat_internal.h
@@ -622,7 +622,8 @@ extern void pgstat_archiver_snapshot_cb(void);
/* flags for pgstat_flush_backend() */
#define PGSTAT_BACKEND_FLUSH_IO (1 << 0) /* Flush I/O statistics */
-#define PGSTAT_BACKEND_FLUSH_ALL (PGSTAT_BACKEND_FLUSH_IO)
+#define PGSTAT_BACKEND_FLUSH_WAL (1 << 1) /* Flush WAL statistics */
+#define PGSTAT_BACKEND_FLUSH_ALL (PGSTAT_BACKEND_FLUSH_IO | PGSTAT_BACKEND_FLUSH_WAL)
extern bool pgstat_flush_backend(bool nowait, bits32 flags);
extern bool pgstat_backend_flush_cb(bool nowait);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/stats.out b/src/test/regress/expected/stats.out
index 30d763c4aee..f77caacc17d 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/stats.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/stats.out
@@ -908,8 +908,11 @@ SELECT sessions > :db_stat_sessions FROM pg_stat_database WHERE datname = (SELEC
-- Test pg_stat_checkpointer checkpointer-related stats, together with pg_stat_wal
SELECT num_requested AS rqst_ckpts_before FROM pg_stat_checkpointer \gset
--- Test pg_stat_wal (and make a temp table so our temp schema exists)
+-- Test pg_stat_wal
SELECT wal_bytes AS wal_bytes_before FROM pg_stat_wal \gset
+-- Test pg_stat_get_backend_wal()
+SELECT wal_bytes AS backend_wal_bytes_before from pg_stat_get_backend_wal(pg_backend_pid()) \gset
+-- Make a temp table so our temp schema exists
CREATE TEMP TABLE test_stats_temp AS SELECT 17;
DROP TABLE test_stats_temp;
-- Checkpoint twice: The checkpointer reports stats after reporting completion
@@ -929,6 +932,18 @@ SELECT wal_bytes > :wal_bytes_before FROM pg_stat_wal;
t
(1 row)
+SELECT pg_stat_force_next_flush();
+ pg_stat_force_next_flush
+--------------------------
+
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT wal_bytes > :backend_wal_bytes_before FROM pg_stat_get_backend_wal(pg_backend_pid());
+ ?column?
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
-- Test pg_stat_get_backend_idset() and some allied functions.
-- In particular, verify that their notion of backend ID matches
-- our temp schema index.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/stats.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/stats.sql
index 5e7ef20fef6..c223800fd19 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/sql/stats.sql
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/stats.sql
@@ -426,9 +426,13 @@ SELECT sessions > :db_stat_sessions FROM pg_stat_database WHERE datname = (SELEC
-- Test pg_stat_checkpointer checkpointer-related stats, together with pg_stat_wal
SELECT num_requested AS rqst_ckpts_before FROM pg_stat_checkpointer \gset
--- Test pg_stat_wal (and make a temp table so our temp schema exists)
+-- Test pg_stat_wal
SELECT wal_bytes AS wal_bytes_before FROM pg_stat_wal \gset
+-- Test pg_stat_get_backend_wal()
+SELECT wal_bytes AS backend_wal_bytes_before from pg_stat_get_backend_wal(pg_backend_pid()) \gset
+
+-- Make a temp table so our temp schema exists
CREATE TEMP TABLE test_stats_temp AS SELECT 17;
DROP TABLE test_stats_temp;
@@ -441,6 +445,9 @@ CHECKPOINT;
SELECT num_requested > :rqst_ckpts_before FROM pg_stat_checkpointer;
SELECT wal_bytes > :wal_bytes_before FROM pg_stat_wal;
+SELECT pg_stat_force_next_flush();
+SELECT wal_bytes > :backend_wal_bytes_before FROM pg_stat_get_backend_wal(pg_backend_pid());
+
-- Test pg_stat_get_backend_idset() and some allied functions.
-- In particular, verify that their notion of backend ID matches
-- our temp schema index.
--
2.34.1
