Greetings!

* Stephen Frost (sfr...@snowman.net) wrote:
> Based on Robert's suggestion and using Thom's verbiage, I've tested this
> out:
> 
> CREATE POLICY pol ON tab AS [PERMISSIVE|RESTRICTIVE] ...
> 
> and it appears to work fine with the grammar, etc.
> 
> Unless there's other thoughts on this, I'll update the patch to reflect
> this grammar in a couple days.

Updated patch attached which uses the above approach, includes
some initial documentation, and has fixes for the tab completion, 

I'm planning to add more documentation.  Otherwise, testing and code
review would certainly be appreciated.

Thanks!

Stpehen
From 6fad316de3cc50f4cc2c3bbe3c6fac91afc881e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Stephen Frost <sfr...@snowman.net>
Date: Thu, 1 Sep 2016 02:11:30 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] Add support for restrictive RLS policies

We have had support for restrictive RLS policies since 9.5, but they
were only available through extensions which use the appropriate hooks.
This adds support into the grammer, catalog, psql and pg_dump for
restrictive RLS policies, thus reducing the cases where an extension is
necessary.
---
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_policy.sgml       |  16 +++
 src/backend/commands/policy.c             |   9 ++
 src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c             |   1 +
 src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c            |   1 +
 src/backend/parser/gram.y                 |  32 +++--
 src/backend/rewrite/rowsecurity.c         |   7 +-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c                 |  38 ++++--
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.h                 |   1 +
 src/bin/pg_dump/t/002_pg_dump.pl          |  39 +++++-
 src/bin/psql/describe.c                   | 109 ++++++++++++----
 src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c               |  29 ++++-
 src/include/catalog/pg_policy.h           |  16 ++-
 src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h            |   1 +
 src/include/parser/kwlist.h               |   2 +
 src/include/rewrite/rowsecurity.h         |   1 +
 src/test/regress/expected/rowsecurity.out | 209 ++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 src/test/regress/sql/rowsecurity.sql      |  24 +++-
 17 files changed, 417 insertions(+), 118 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_policy.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_policy.sgml
index 89d2787..d930052 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_policy.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_policy.sgml
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
  <refsynopsisdiv>
 <synopsis>
 CREATE POLICY <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> ON <replaceable class="parameter">table_name</replaceable>
+    [ AS ( PERMISSIVE | RESTRICTIVE ) ]
     [ FOR { ALL | SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE } ]
     [ TO { <replaceable class="parameter">role_name</replaceable> | PUBLIC | CURRENT_USER | SESSION_USER } [, ...] ]
     [ USING ( <replaceable class="parameter">using_expression</replaceable> ) ]
@@ -120,6 +121,21 @@ CREATE POLICY <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> ON <replaceable
    </varlistentry>
 
    <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">permissive</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      If the policy is a "permissive" or "restrictive" policy.  Permissive
+      policies are the default and always add visibillity- they ar "OR"d
+      together to allow the user access to all rows through any of the
+      permissive policies they have access to.  Alternativly, a policy can
+      instead by "restrictive", meaning that the policy will be "AND"d
+      with other restrictive policies and with the result of all of the
+      permissive policies on the table.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
     <term><replaceable class="parameter">command</replaceable></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/policy.c b/src/backend/commands/policy.c
index d694cf8..70e22c1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/policy.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/policy.c
@@ -235,6 +235,7 @@ RelationBuildRowSecurity(Relation relation)
 		{
 			Datum		value_datum;
 			char		cmd_value;
+			bool		permissive_value;
 			Datum		roles_datum;
 			char	   *qual_value;
 			Expr	   *qual_expr;
@@ -257,6 +258,12 @@ RelationBuildRowSecurity(Relation relation)
 			Assert(!isnull);
 			cmd_value = DatumGetChar(value_datum);
 
+			/* Get policy permissive or restrictive */
+			value_datum = heap_getattr(tuple, Anum_pg_policy_polpermissive,
+									   RelationGetDescr(catalog), &isnull);
+			Assert(!isnull);
+			permissive_value = DatumGetBool(value_datum);
+
 			/* Get policy name */
 			value_datum = heap_getattr(tuple, Anum_pg_policy_polname,
 									   RelationGetDescr(catalog), &isnull);
@@ -298,6 +305,7 @@ RelationBuildRowSecurity(Relation relation)
 			policy = palloc0(sizeof(RowSecurityPolicy));
 			policy->policy_name = pstrdup(policy_name_value);
 			policy->polcmd = cmd_value;
+			policy->permissive = permissive_value;
 			policy->roles = DatumGetArrayTypePCopy(roles_datum);
 			policy->qual = copyObject(qual_expr);
 			policy->with_check_qual = copyObject(with_check_qual);
@@ -796,6 +804,7 @@ CreatePolicy(CreatePolicyStmt *stmt)
 	values[Anum_pg_policy_polname - 1] = DirectFunctionCall1(namein,
 										 CStringGetDatum(stmt->policy_name));
 	values[Anum_pg_policy_polcmd - 1] = CharGetDatum(polcmd);
+	values[Anum_pg_policy_polpermissive - 1] = BoolGetDatum(stmt->permissive);
 	values[Anum_pg_policy_polroles - 1] = PointerGetDatum(role_ids);
 
 	/* Add qual if present. */
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 4f39dad..eee7770 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -4152,6 +4152,7 @@ _copyCreatePolicyStmt(const CreatePolicyStmt *from)
 	COPY_STRING_FIELD(policy_name);
 	COPY_NODE_FIELD(table);
 	COPY_STRING_FIELD(cmd_name);
+	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(permissive);
 	COPY_NODE_FIELD(roles);
 	COPY_NODE_FIELD(qual);
 	COPY_NODE_FIELD(with_check);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index 4800165..007770c 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2123,6 +2123,7 @@ _equalCreatePolicyStmt(const CreatePolicyStmt *a, const CreatePolicyStmt *b)
 	COMPARE_STRING_FIELD(policy_name);
 	COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(table);
 	COMPARE_STRING_FIELD(cmd_name);
+	COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(permissive);
 	COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(roles);
 	COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(qual);
 	COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(with_check);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 1526c73..460a9c0 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -329,6 +329,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
 %type <str>		all_Op MathOp
 
 %type <str>		row_security_cmd RowSecurityDefaultForCmd
+%type <boolean> RowSecurityDefaultPermissive
 %type <node>	RowSecurityOptionalWithCheck RowSecurityOptionalExpr
 %type <list>	RowSecurityDefaultToRole RowSecurityOptionalToRole
 
@@ -617,16 +618,16 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
 	OBJECT_P OF OFF OFFSET OIDS ON ONLY OPERATOR OPTION OPTIONS OR
 	ORDER ORDINALITY OUT_P OUTER_P OVER OVERLAPS OVERLAY OWNED OWNER
 
-	PARALLEL PARSER PARTIAL PARTITION PASSING PASSWORD PLACING PLANS POLICY
-	POSITION PRECEDING PRECISION PRESERVE PREPARE PREPARED PRIMARY
+	PARALLEL PARSER PARTIAL PARTITION PASSING PASSWORD PERMISSIVE PLACING PLANS
+	POLICY POSITION PRECEDING PRECISION PRESERVE PREPARE PREPARED PRIMARY
 	PRIOR PRIVILEGES PROCEDURAL PROCEDURE PROGRAM
 
 	QUOTE
 
 	RANGE READ REAL REASSIGN RECHECK RECURSIVE REF REFERENCES REFRESH REINDEX
 	RELATIVE_P RELEASE RENAME REPEATABLE REPLACE REPLICA
-	RESET RESTART RESTRICT RETURNING RETURNS REVOKE RIGHT ROLE ROLLBACK ROLLUP
-	ROW ROWS RULE
+	RESET RESTART RESTRICT RESTRICTIVE RETURNING RETURNS REVOKE RIGHT ROLE
+	ROLLBACK ROLLUP ROW ROWS RULE
 
 	SAVEPOINT SCHEMA SCROLL SEARCH SECOND_P SECURITY SELECT SEQUENCE SEQUENCES
 	SERIALIZABLE SERVER SESSION SESSION_USER SET SETS SETOF SHARE SHOW
@@ -4625,17 +4626,18 @@ AlterUserMappingStmt: ALTER USER MAPPING FOR auth_ident SERVER name alter_generi
  *****************************************************************************/
 
 CreatePolicyStmt:
-			CREATE POLICY name ON qualified_name RowSecurityDefaultForCmd
-				RowSecurityDefaultToRole RowSecurityOptionalExpr
-				RowSecurityOptionalWithCheck
+			CREATE POLICY name ON qualified_name RowSecurityDefaultPermissive
+				RowSecurityDefaultForCmd RowSecurityDefaultToRole
+				RowSecurityOptionalExpr RowSecurityOptionalWithCheck
 				{
 					CreatePolicyStmt *n = makeNode(CreatePolicyStmt);
 					n->policy_name = $3;
 					n->table = $5;
-					n->cmd_name = $6;
-					n->roles = $7;
-					n->qual = $8;
-					n->with_check = $9;
+					n->permissive = $6;
+					n->cmd_name = $7;
+					n->roles = $8;
+					n->qual = $9;
+					n->with_check = $10;
 					$$ = (Node *) n;
 				}
 		;
@@ -4699,6 +4701,12 @@ RowSecurityOptionalToRole:
 			| /* EMPTY */			{ $$ = NULL; }
 		;
 
+RowSecurityDefaultPermissive:
+			AS PERMISSIVE			{ $$ = true; }
+			| AS RESTRICTIVE		{ $$ = false; }
+			| /* EMPTY */			{ $$ = true; }
+		;
+
 RowSecurityDefaultForCmd:
 			FOR row_security_cmd	{ $$ = $2; }
 			| /* EMPTY */			{ $$ = "all"; }
@@ -13824,6 +13832,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
 			| PARTITION
 			| PASSING
 			| PASSWORD
+			| PERMISSIVE
 			| PLANS
 			| POLICY
 			| PRECEDING
@@ -13853,6 +13862,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
 			| RESET
 			| RESTART
 			| RESTRICT
+			| RESTRICTIVE
 			| RETURNS
 			| REVOKE
 			| ROLE
diff --git a/src/backend/rewrite/rowsecurity.c b/src/backend/rewrite/rowsecurity.c
index e029116..eebe909 100644
--- a/src/backend/rewrite/rowsecurity.c
+++ b/src/backend/rewrite/rowsecurity.c
@@ -433,7 +433,12 @@ get_policies_for_relation(Relation relation, CmdType cmd, Oid user_id,
 		 * the specified role.
 		 */
 		if (cmd_matches && check_role_for_policy(policy->roles, user_id))
-			*permissive_policies = lappend(*permissive_policies, policy);
+		{
+			if (policy->permissive)
+				*permissive_policies = lappend(*permissive_policies, policy);
+			else
+				*restrictive_policies = lappend(*restrictive_policies, policy);
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
index a5c2d09..86d13f8 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
@@ -3088,6 +3088,7 @@ getPolicies(Archive *fout, TableInfo tblinfo[], int numTables)
 	int			i_tableoid;
 	int			i_polname;
 	int			i_polcmd;
+	int			i_polpermissive;
 	int			i_polroles;
 	int			i_polqual;
 	int			i_polwithcheck;
@@ -3134,6 +3135,7 @@ getPolicies(Archive *fout, TableInfo tblinfo[], int numTables)
 			polinfo->poltable = tbinfo;
 			polinfo->polname = NULL;
 			polinfo->polcmd = NULL;
+			polinfo->polpermissive = NULL;
 			polinfo->polroles = NULL;
 			polinfo->polqual = NULL;
 			polinfo->polwithcheck = NULL;
@@ -3152,15 +3154,26 @@ getPolicies(Archive *fout, TableInfo tblinfo[], int numTables)
 		resetPQExpBuffer(query);
 
 		/* Get the policies for the table. */
-		appendPQExpBuffer(query,
-						  "SELECT oid, tableoid, pol.polname, pol.polcmd, "
-						  "CASE WHEN pol.polroles = '{0}' THEN 'PUBLIC' ELSE "
-						  "   pg_catalog.array_to_string(ARRAY(SELECT pg_catalog.quote_ident(rolname) from pg_catalog.pg_roles WHERE oid = ANY(pol.polroles)), ', ') END AS polroles, "
-			 "pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(pol.polqual, pol.polrelid) AS polqual, "
-						  "pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(pol.polwithcheck, pol.polrelid) AS polwithcheck "
-						  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_policy pol "
-						  "WHERE polrelid = '%u'",
-						  tbinfo->dobj.catId.oid);
+		if (fout->remoteVersion >= 100000)
+			appendPQExpBuffer(query,
+							  "SELECT oid, tableoid, pol.polname, pol.polcmd, pol.polpermissive, "
+							  "CASE WHEN pol.polroles = '{0}' THEN 'PUBLIC' ELSE "
+							  "   pg_catalog.array_to_string(ARRAY(SELECT pg_catalog.quote_ident(rolname) from pg_catalog.pg_roles WHERE oid = ANY(pol.polroles)), ', ') END AS polroles, "
+				 "pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(pol.polqual, pol.polrelid) AS polqual, "
+							  "pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(pol.polwithcheck, pol.polrelid) AS polwithcheck "
+							  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_policy pol "
+							  "WHERE polrelid = '%u'",
+							  tbinfo->dobj.catId.oid);
+		else
+			appendPQExpBuffer(query,
+							  "SELECT oid, tableoid, pol.polname, pol.polcmd, 't' as polpermissive, "
+							  "CASE WHEN pol.polroles = '{0}' THEN 'PUBLIC' ELSE "
+							  "   pg_catalog.array_to_string(ARRAY(SELECT pg_catalog.quote_ident(rolname) from pg_catalog.pg_roles WHERE oid = ANY(pol.polroles)), ', ') END AS polroles, "
+				 "pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(pol.polqual, pol.polrelid) AS polqual, "
+							  "pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(pol.polwithcheck, pol.polrelid) AS polwithcheck "
+							  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_policy pol "
+							  "WHERE polrelid = '%u'",
+							  tbinfo->dobj.catId.oid);
 		res = ExecuteSqlQuery(fout, query->data, PGRES_TUPLES_OK);
 
 		ntups = PQntuples(res);
@@ -3180,6 +3193,7 @@ getPolicies(Archive *fout, TableInfo tblinfo[], int numTables)
 		i_tableoid = PQfnumber(res, "tableoid");
 		i_polname = PQfnumber(res, "polname");
 		i_polcmd = PQfnumber(res, "polcmd");
+		i_polpermissive = PQfnumber(res, "polpermissive");
 		i_polroles = PQfnumber(res, "polroles");
 		i_polqual = PQfnumber(res, "polqual");
 		i_polwithcheck = PQfnumber(res, "polwithcheck");
@@ -3199,6 +3213,7 @@ getPolicies(Archive *fout, TableInfo tblinfo[], int numTables)
 			polinfo[j].dobj.name = pg_strdup(polinfo[j].polname);
 
 			polinfo[j].polcmd = pg_strdup(PQgetvalue(res, j, i_polcmd));
+			polinfo[j].polpermissive = pg_strdup(PQgetvalue(res, j, i_polpermissive));
 			polinfo[j].polroles = pg_strdup(PQgetvalue(res, j, i_polroles));
 
 			if (PQgetisnull(res, j, i_polqual))
@@ -3282,7 +3297,10 @@ dumpPolicy(Archive *fout, PolicyInfo *polinfo)
 	delqry = createPQExpBuffer();
 
 	appendPQExpBuffer(query, "CREATE POLICY %s", fmtId(polinfo->polname));
-	appendPQExpBuffer(query, " ON %s FOR %s", fmtId(tbinfo->dobj.name), cmd);
+
+	appendPQExpBuffer(query, " ON %s AS %s FOR %s", fmtId(tbinfo->dobj.name),
+		strcmp(polinfo->polpermissive,"t") == 0 ? "PERMISSIVE" : "RESTRICTIVE",
+					  cmd);
 
 	if (polinfo->polroles != NULL)
 		appendPQExpBuffer(query, " TO %s", polinfo->polroles);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.h b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.h
index 2bfa2d9..eb0563f 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.h
@@ -548,6 +548,7 @@ typedef struct _policyInfo
 	TableInfo  *poltable;
 	char	   *polname;		/* null indicates RLS is enabled on rel */
 	char	   *polcmd;
+	char	   *polpermissive;
 	char	   *polroles;
 	char	   *polqual;
 	char	   *polwithcheck;
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/t/002_pg_dump.pl b/src/bin/pg_dump/t/002_pg_dump.pl
index 37cbdcd..10c54b3 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/t/002_pg_dump.pl
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/t/002_pg_dump.pl
@@ -1644,7 +1644,7 @@ my %tests = (
 						   USING (true)
 						   WITH CHECK (true);',
 		regexp => qr/^
-			\QCREATE POLICY p1 ON test_table FOR ALL TO PUBLIC \E
+			\QCREATE POLICY p1 ON test_table AS PERMISSIVE FOR ALL TO PUBLIC \E
 			\QUSING (true) WITH CHECK (true);\E
 			/xm,
 		like => {
@@ -1673,7 +1673,7 @@ my %tests = (
 		create_sql   => 'CREATE POLICY p2 ON dump_test.test_table
 						   FOR SELECT TO regress_dump_test_role USING (true);',
 		regexp => qr/^
-			\QCREATE POLICY p2 ON test_table FOR SELECT TO regress_dump_test_role \E
+			\QCREATE POLICY p2 ON test_table AS PERMISSIVE FOR SELECT TO regress_dump_test_role \E
 			\QUSING (true);\E
 			/xm,
 		like => {
@@ -1702,7 +1702,7 @@ my %tests = (
 		create_sql   => 'CREATE POLICY p3 ON dump_test.test_table
 						   FOR INSERT TO regress_dump_test_role WITH CHECK (true);',
 		regexp => qr/^
-			\QCREATE POLICY p3 ON test_table FOR INSERT \E
+			\QCREATE POLICY p3 ON test_table AS PERMISSIVE FOR INSERT \E
 			\QTO regress_dump_test_role WITH CHECK (true);\E
 			/xm,
 		like => {
@@ -1731,7 +1731,7 @@ my %tests = (
 		create_sql   => 'CREATE POLICY p4 ON dump_test.test_table FOR UPDATE
 						   TO regress_dump_test_role USING (true) WITH CHECK (true);',
 		regexp => qr/^
-			\QCREATE POLICY p4 ON test_table FOR UPDATE TO regress_dump_test_role \E
+			\QCREATE POLICY p4 ON test_table AS PERMISSIVE FOR UPDATE TO regress_dump_test_role \E
 			\QUSING (true) WITH CHECK (true);\E
 			/xm,
 		like => {
@@ -1760,7 +1760,7 @@ my %tests = (
 		create_sql   => 'CREATE POLICY p5 ON dump_test.test_table
 						   FOR DELETE TO regress_dump_test_role USING (true);',
 		regexp => qr/^
-			\QCREATE POLICY p5 ON test_table FOR DELETE \E
+			\QCREATE POLICY p5 ON test_table AS PERMISSIVE FOR DELETE \E
 			\QTO regress_dump_test_role USING (true);\E
 			/xm,
 		like => {
@@ -1784,6 +1784,35 @@ my %tests = (
 			exclude_test_table       => 1,
 			pg_dumpall_globals       => 1,
 			pg_dumpall_globals_clean => 1, }, },
+	'CREATE POLICY p6 ON test_table AS RESTRICTIVE' => {
+		create_order => 27,
+		create_sql   => 'CREATE POLICY p6 ON dump_test.test_table AS RESTRICTIVE
+						   USING (false);',
+		regexp => qr/^
+			\QCREATE POLICY p6 ON test_table AS RESTRICTIVE FOR ALL \E
+			\QTO PUBLIC USING (false);\E
+			/xm,
+		like => {
+			binary_upgrade          => 1,
+			clean                   => 1,
+			clean_if_exists         => 1,
+			createdb                => 1,
+			defaults                => 1,
+			exclude_test_table_data => 1,
+			no_privs                => 1,
+			no_owner                => 1,
+			only_dump_test_schema   => 1,
+			only_dump_test_table    => 1,
+			pg_dumpall_dbprivs      => 1,
+			schema_only             => 1,
+			section_post_data       => 1,
+			test_schema_plus_blobs  => 1, },
+		unlike => {
+			section_pre_data         => 1,
+			exclude_dump_test_schema => 1,
+			exclude_test_table       => 1,
+			pg_dumpall_globals       => 1,
+			pg_dumpall_globals_clean => 1, }, },
 	'CREATE SCHEMA dump_test' => {
 		create_order => 2,
 		create_sql   => 'CREATE SCHEMA dump_test;',
diff --git a/src/bin/psql/describe.c b/src/bin/psql/describe.c
index 6275a68..fab4bff 100644
--- a/src/bin/psql/describe.c
+++ b/src/bin/psql/describe.c
@@ -887,7 +887,7 @@ permissionsList(const char *pattern)
 						  "  ), E'\\n') AS \"%s\"",
 						  gettext_noop("Column privileges"));
 
-	if (pset.sversion >= 90500)
+	if (pset.sversion >= 90500 && pset.sversion < 100000)
 		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
 						  ",\n  pg_catalog.array_to_string(ARRAY(\n"
 						  "    SELECT polname\n"
@@ -918,6 +918,40 @@ permissionsList(const char *pattern)
 						  "    AS \"%s\"",
 						  gettext_noop("Policies"));
 
+	if (pset.sversion >= 100000)
+		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
+						  ",\n  pg_catalog.array_to_string(ARRAY(\n"
+						  "    SELECT polname\n"
+						  "    || CASE WHEN polcmd != '*' THEN\n"
+						  "           E' (' || polcmd || E'):'\n"
+						  "       ELSE E':' \n"
+						  "       END\n"
+						  "    || CASE WHEN NOT polpermissive THEN\n"
+						  "       E' (RESTRICT)'\n"
+						  "       ELSE '' END\n"
+						  "    || CASE WHEN polqual IS NOT NULL THEN\n"
+						  "           E'\\n  (u): ' || pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(polqual, polrelid)\n"
+						  "       ELSE E''\n"
+						  "       END\n"
+						  "    || CASE WHEN polwithcheck IS NOT NULL THEN\n"
+						  "           E'\\n  (c): ' || pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(polwithcheck, polrelid)\n"
+						  "       ELSE E''\n"
+						  "       END"
+						  "    || CASE WHEN polroles <> '{0}' THEN\n"
+				   "           E'\\n  to: ' || pg_catalog.array_to_string(\n"
+						  "               ARRAY(\n"
+						  "                   SELECT rolname\n"
+						  "                   FROM pg_catalog.pg_roles\n"
+						  "                   WHERE oid = ANY (polroles)\n"
+						  "                   ORDER BY 1\n"
+						  "               ), E', ')\n"
+						  "       ELSE E''\n"
+						  "       END\n"
+						  "    FROM pg_catalog.pg_policy pol\n"
+						  "    WHERE polrelid = c.oid), E'\\n')\n"
+						  "    AS \"%s\"",
+						  gettext_noop("Policies"));
+
 	appendPQExpBufferStr(&buf, "\nFROM pg_catalog.pg_class c\n"
 	   "     LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace\n"
 						 "WHERE c.relkind IN ('r', 'v', 'm', 'S', 'f')\n");
@@ -2136,21 +2170,38 @@ describeOneTableDetails(const char *schemaname,
 		/* print any row-level policies */
 		if (pset.sversion >= 90500)
 		{
-			printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
-							  "SELECT pol.polname,\n"
-							  "CASE WHEN pol.polroles = '{0}' THEN NULL ELSE array_to_string(array(select rolname from pg_roles where oid = any (pol.polroles) order by 1),',') END,\n"
-					   "pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(pol.polqual, pol.polrelid),\n"
-				  "pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(pol.polwithcheck, pol.polrelid),\n"
-							  "CASE pol.polcmd \n"
-							  "WHEN 'r' THEN 'SELECT'\n"
-							  "WHEN 'a' THEN 'INSERT'\n"
-							  "WHEN 'w' THEN 'UPDATE'\n"
-							  "WHEN 'd' THEN 'DELETE'\n"
-							  "WHEN '*' THEN 'ALL'\n"
-							  "END AS cmd\n"
-							  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_policy pol\n"
-							  "WHERE pol.polrelid = '%s' ORDER BY 1;",
-							  oid);
+			if (pset.sversion >= 100000)
+				printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
+								  "SELECT pol.polname, pol.polpermissive,\n"
+								  "CASE WHEN pol.polroles = '{0}' THEN NULL ELSE array_to_string(array(select rolname from pg_roles where oid = any (pol.polroles) order by 1),',') END,\n"
+						   "pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(pol.polqual, pol.polrelid),\n"
+					  "pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(pol.polwithcheck, pol.polrelid),\n"
+								  "CASE pol.polcmd \n"
+								  "WHEN 'r' THEN 'SELECT'\n"
+								  "WHEN 'a' THEN 'INSERT'\n"
+								  "WHEN 'w' THEN 'UPDATE'\n"
+								  "WHEN 'd' THEN 'DELETE'\n"
+								  "WHEN '*' THEN 'ALL'\n"
+								  "END AS cmd\n"
+								  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_policy pol\n"
+								  "WHERE pol.polrelid = '%s' ORDER BY 1;",
+								  oid);
+			else
+				printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
+								  "SELECT pol.polname, 't' as polpermissive,\n"
+								  "CASE WHEN pol.polroles = '{0}' THEN NULL ELSE array_to_string(array(select rolname from pg_roles where oid = any (pol.polroles) order by 1),',') END,\n"
+						   "pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(pol.polqual, pol.polrelid),\n"
+					  "pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(pol.polwithcheck, pol.polrelid),\n"
+								  "CASE pol.polcmd \n"
+								  "WHEN 'r' THEN 'SELECT'\n"
+								  "WHEN 'a' THEN 'INSERT'\n"
+								  "WHEN 'w' THEN 'UPDATE'\n"
+								  "WHEN 'd' THEN 'DELETE'\n"
+								  "WHEN '*' THEN 'ALL'\n"
+								  "END AS cmd\n"
+								  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_policy pol\n"
+								  "WHERE pol.polrelid = '%s' ORDER BY 1;",
+								  oid);
 
 			result = PSQLexec(buf.data);
 			if (!result)
@@ -2181,26 +2232,32 @@ describeOneTableDetails(const char *schemaname,
 			/* Might be an empty set - that's ok */
 			for (i = 0; i < tuples; i++)
 			{
-				printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, "    POLICY \"%s\"",
-								  PQgetvalue(result, i, 0));
+				char   *polpermissive = PQgetvalue(result, i, 1);
 
-				if (!PQgetisnull(result, i, 4))
+				if (strcmp(polpermissive,"t") == 0)
+					printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, "    POLICY \"%s\"",
+									  PQgetvalue(result, i, 0));
+				else
+					printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, "    RESTRICT POLICY \"%s\"",
+									  PQgetvalue(result, i, 0));
+
+				if (!PQgetisnull(result, i, 5))
 					appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, " FOR %s",
-									  PQgetvalue(result, i, 4));
+									  PQgetvalue(result, i, 5));
 
-				if (!PQgetisnull(result, i, 1))
+				if (!PQgetisnull(result, i, 2))
 				{
 					appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "\n      TO %s",
-									  PQgetvalue(result, i, 1));
+									  PQgetvalue(result, i, 2));
 				}
 
-				if (!PQgetisnull(result, i, 2))
+				if (!PQgetisnull(result, i, 3))
 					appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "\n      USING (%s)",
-									  PQgetvalue(result, i, 2));
+									  PQgetvalue(result, i, 3));
 
-				if (!PQgetisnull(result, i, 3))
+				if (!PQgetisnull(result, i, 4))
 					appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "\n      WITH CHECK (%s)",
-									  PQgetvalue(result, i, 3));
+									  PQgetvalue(result, i, 4));
 
 				printTableAddFooter(&cont, buf.data);
 
diff --git a/src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c b/src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c
index 019f75a..c33d232 100644
--- a/src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c
+++ b/src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c
@@ -2110,9 +2110,15 @@ psql_completion(const char *text, int start, int end)
 	/* Complete "CREATE POLICY <name> ON <table>" */
 	else if (Matches4("CREATE", "POLICY", MatchAny, "ON"))
 		COMPLETE_WITH_SCHEMA_QUERY(Query_for_list_of_tables, NULL);
-	/* Complete "CREATE POLICY <name> ON <table> FOR|TO|USING|WITH CHECK" */
+	/* Complete "CREATE POLICY <name> ON <table> AS|FOR|TO|USING|WITH CHECK" */
 	else if (Matches5("CREATE", "POLICY", MatchAny, "ON", MatchAny))
-		COMPLETE_WITH_LIST4("FOR", "TO", "USING (", "WITH CHECK (");
+		COMPLETE_WITH_LIST5("AS", "FOR", "TO", "USING (", "WITH CHECK (");
+	/* CREATE POLICY <name> ON <table> AS PERMISSIVE|RESTRICTIVE */
+	else if (Matches6("CREATE", "POLICY", MatchAny, "ON", MatchAny, "AS"))
+		COMPLETE_WITH_LIST2("PERMISSIVE", "RESTRICTIVE");
+	/* CREATE POLICY <name> ON <table> AS PERMISSIVE|RESTRICTIVE FOR|TO|USING|WITH CHECK */
+	else if (Matches7("CREATE", "POLICY", MatchAny, "ON", MatchAny, "AS", MatchAny))
+		COMPLETE_WITH_LIST4("FOR", "TO", "USING", "WITH CHECK");
 	/* CREATE POLICY <name> ON <table> FOR ALL|SELECT|INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE */
 	else if (Matches6("CREATE", "POLICY", MatchAny, "ON", MatchAny, "FOR"))
 		COMPLETE_WITH_LIST5("ALL", "SELECT", "INSERT", "UPDATE", "DELETE");
@@ -2131,6 +2137,25 @@ psql_completion(const char *text, int start, int end)
 	/* Complete "CREATE POLICY <name> ON <table> USING (" */
 	else if (Matches6("CREATE", "POLICY", MatchAny, "ON", MatchAny, "USING"))
 		COMPLETE_WITH_CONST("(");
+	/* CREATE POLICY <name> ON <table> AS PERMISSIVE|RESTRICTIVE FOR ALL|SELECT|INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE */
+	else if (Matches8("CREATE", "POLICY", MatchAny, "ON", MatchAny, "AS", MatchAny, "FOR"))
+		COMPLETE_WITH_LIST5("ALL", "SELECT", "INSERT", "UPDATE", "DELETE");
+	/* Complete "CREATE POLICY <name> ON <table> AS PERMISSIVE|RESTRICTIVE FOR INSERT TO|WITH CHECK" */
+	else if (Matches9("CREATE", "POLICY", MatchAny, "ON", MatchAny, "AS", MatchAny, "FOR", "INSERT"))
+		COMPLETE_WITH_LIST2("TO", "WITH CHECK (");
+	/* Complete "CREATE POLICY <name> ON <table> AS PERMISSIVE|RESTRICTIVE FOR SELECT|DELETE TO|USING" */
+	else if (Matches9("CREATE", "POLICY", MatchAny, "ON", MatchAny, "AS", MatchAny, "FOR", "SELECT|DELETE"))
+		COMPLETE_WITH_LIST2("TO", "USING (");
+	/* CREATE POLICY <name> ON <table> AS PERMISSIVE|RESTRICTIVE FOR ALL|UPDATE TO|USING|WITH CHECK */
+	else if (Matches9("CREATE", "POLICY", MatchAny, "ON", MatchAny, "AS", MatchAny, "FOR", "ALL|UPDATE"))
+		COMPLETE_WITH_LIST3("TO", "USING (", "WITH CHECK (");
+	/* Complete "CREATE POLICY <name> ON <table> AS PERMISSIVE|RESTRICTIVE TO <role>" */
+	else if (Matches8("CREATE", "POLICY", MatchAny, "ON", MatchAny, "AS", MatchAny, "TO"))
+		COMPLETE_WITH_QUERY(Query_for_list_of_grant_roles);
+	/* Complete "CREATE POLICY <name> ON <table> AS PERMISSIVE|RESTRICTIVE USING (" */
+	else if (Matches8("CREATE", "POLICY", MatchAny, "ON", MatchAny, "AS", MatchAny, "USING"))
+		COMPLETE_WITH_CONST("(");
+
 
 /* CREATE RULE */
 	/* Complete "CREATE RULE <sth>" with "AS ON" */
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_policy.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_policy.h
index d73e9c2..30dc367 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_policy.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_policy.h
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ CATALOG(pg_policy,3256)
 	NameData	polname;		/* Policy name. */
 	Oid			polrelid;		/* Oid of the relation with policy. */
 	char		polcmd;			/* One of ACL_*_CHR, or '*' for all */
+	bool		polpermissive;	/* restrictive or permissive policy */
 
 #ifdef CATALOG_VARLEN
 	Oid			polroles[1];	/* Roles associated with policy, not-NULL */
@@ -42,12 +43,13 @@ typedef FormData_pg_policy *Form_pg_policy;
  *		compiler constants for pg_policy
  * ----------------
  */
-#define Natts_pg_policy				6
-#define Anum_pg_policy_polname		1
-#define Anum_pg_policy_polrelid		2
-#define Anum_pg_policy_polcmd		3
-#define Anum_pg_policy_polroles		4
-#define Anum_pg_policy_polqual		5
-#define Anum_pg_policy_polwithcheck 6
+#define Natts_pg_policy					6
+#define Anum_pg_policy_polname			1
+#define Anum_pg_policy_polrelid			2
+#define Anum_pg_policy_polcmd			3
+#define Anum_pg_policy_polpermissive	4
+#define Anum_pg_policy_polroles			5
+#define Anum_pg_policy_polqual			6
+#define Anum_pg_policy_polwithcheck 	7
 
 #endif   /* PG_POLICY_H */
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 8d3dcf4..8ecd6af 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2054,6 +2054,7 @@ typedef struct CreatePolicyStmt
 	char	   *policy_name;	/* Policy's name */
 	RangeVar   *table;			/* the table name the policy applies to */
 	char	   *cmd_name;		/* the command name the policy applies to */
+	bool		permissive;		/* restrictive or permissive policy */
 	List	   *roles;			/* the roles associated with the policy */
 	Node	   *qual;			/* the policy's condition */
 	Node	   *with_check;		/* the policy's WITH CHECK condition. */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 17ffef5..f8aac64 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -289,6 +289,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("partial", PARTIAL, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("partition", PARTITION, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("passing", PASSING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("password", PASSWORD, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
+PG_KEYWORD("permissive", PERMISSIVE, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("placing", PLACING, RESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("plans", PLANS, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("policy", POLICY, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
@@ -324,6 +325,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("replica", REPLICA, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("reset", RESET, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("restart", RESTART, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("restrict", RESTRICT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
+PG_KEYWORD("restrictive", RESTRICTIVE, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("returning", RETURNING, RESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("returns", RETURNS, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("revoke", REVOKE, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
diff --git a/src/include/rewrite/rowsecurity.h b/src/include/rewrite/rowsecurity.h
index fd0cbaff..2f3db8c 100644
--- a/src/include/rewrite/rowsecurity.h
+++ b/src/include/rewrite/rowsecurity.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ typedef struct RowSecurityPolicy
 	char	   *policy_name;	/* Name of the policy */
 	char		polcmd;			/* Type of command policy is for */
 	ArrayType  *roles;			/* Array of roles policy is for */
+	bool		permissive;		/* restrictive or permissive policy */
 	Expr	   *qual;			/* Expression to filter rows */
 	Expr	   *with_check_qual;	/* Expression to limit rows allowed */
 	bool		hassublinks;	/* If either expression has sublinks */
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/rowsecurity.out b/src/test/regress/expected/rowsecurity.out
index abfee92..da5269a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/rowsecurity.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/rowsecurity.out
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ SET client_min_messages TO 'warning';
 DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_alice;
 DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_bob;
 DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_carol;
+DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_dave;
 DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_exempt_user;
 DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_rls_group1;
 DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_rls_group2;
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ RESET client_min_messages;
 CREATE USER regress_rls_alice NOLOGIN;
 CREATE USER regress_rls_bob NOLOGIN;
 CREATE USER regress_rls_carol NOLOGIN;
+CREATE USER regress_rls_dave NOLOGIN;
 CREATE USER regress_rls_exempt_user BYPASSRLS NOLOGIN;
 CREATE ROLE regress_rls_group1 NOLOGIN;
 CREATE ROLE regress_rls_group2 NOLOGIN;
@@ -67,11 +69,16 @@ INSERT INTO document VALUES
     ( 5, 44, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my second manga'),
     ( 6, 22, 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great science fiction'),
     ( 7, 33, 2, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great technology book'),
-    ( 8, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great manga');
+    ( 8, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great manga'),
+    ( 9, 22, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'awseome science fiction'),
+    (10, 33, 2, 'regress_rls_dave', 'awseome technology book');
 ALTER TABLE document ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
 -- user's security level must be higher than or equal to document's
-CREATE POLICY p1 ON document
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON document AS PERMISSIVE
     USING (dlevel <= (SELECT seclv FROM uaccount WHERE pguser = current_user));
+-- but Dave isn't allowed to see manga documents
+CREATE POLICY p1r ON document AS RESTRICTIVE TO regress_rls_dave
+    USING (cid <> 44);
 -- viewpoint from regress_rls_bob
 SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
 SET row_security TO ON;
@@ -80,26 +87,30 @@ NOTICE:  f_leak => my first novel
 NOTICE:  f_leak => my first manga
 NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
 NOTICE:  f_leak => great manga
- did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |        dtitle         
------+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awseome science fiction
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
    1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
    4 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first manga
    6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
    8 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga
-(4 rows)
+   9 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awseome science fiction
+(5 rows)
 
 SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
 NOTICE:  f_leak => my first novel
 NOTICE:  f_leak => my first manga
 NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
 NOTICE:  f_leak => great manga
- cid | did | dlevel |      dauthor      |        dtitle         |      cname      
------+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------+-----------------
-  11 |   1 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel        | novel
-  44 |   4 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first manga        | manga
-  22 |   6 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction | science fiction
-  44 |   8 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga           | manga
-(4 rows)
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awseome science fiction
+ cid | did | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          |      cname      
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------+-----------------
+  11 |   1 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel          | novel
+  44 |   4 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first manga          | manga
+  22 |   6 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction   | science fiction
+  44 |   8 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga             | manga
+  22 |   9 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awseome science fiction | science fiction
+(5 rows)
 
 -- try a sampled version
 SELECT * FROM document TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI(50) REPEATABLE(0)
@@ -107,12 +118,14 @@ SELECT * FROM document TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI(50) REPEATABLE(0)
 NOTICE:  f_leak => my first manga
 NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
 NOTICE:  f_leak => great manga
- did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |        dtitle         
------+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awseome science fiction
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
    4 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first manga
    6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
    8 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga
-(3 rows)
+   9 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awseome science fiction
+(4 rows)
 
 -- viewpoint from regress_rls_carol
 SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
@@ -125,8 +138,10 @@ NOTICE:  f_leak => my second manga
 NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
 NOTICE:  f_leak => great technology book
 NOTICE:  f_leak => great manga
- did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |        dtitle         
------+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awseome science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awseome technology book
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
    1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
    2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel
    3 |  22 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science fiction
@@ -135,7 +150,9 @@ NOTICE:  f_leak => great manga
    6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
    7 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book
    8 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga
-(8 rows)
+   9 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awseome science fiction
+  10 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awseome technology book
+(10 rows)
 
 SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
 NOTICE:  f_leak => my first novel
@@ -146,17 +163,21 @@ NOTICE:  f_leak => my second manga
 NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
 NOTICE:  f_leak => great technology book
 NOTICE:  f_leak => great manga
- cid | did | dlevel |      dauthor      |        dtitle         |      cname      
------+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------+-----------------
-  11 |   1 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel        | novel
-  11 |   2 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel       | novel
-  22 |   3 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science fiction    | science fiction
-  44 |   4 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first manga        | manga
-  44 |   5 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second manga       | manga
-  22 |   6 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction | science fiction
-  33 |   7 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book | technology
-  44 |   8 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga           | manga
-(8 rows)
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awseome science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awseome technology book
+ cid | did | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          |      cname      
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------+-----------------
+  11 |   1 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel          | novel
+  11 |   2 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel         | novel
+  22 |   3 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science fiction      | science fiction
+  44 |   4 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first manga          | manga
+  44 |   5 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second manga         | manga
+  22 |   6 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction   | science fiction
+  33 |   7 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book   | technology
+  44 |   8 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga             | manga
+  22 |   9 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awseome science fiction | science fiction
+  33 |  10 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awseome technology book | technology
+(10 rows)
 
 -- try a sampled version
 SELECT * FROM document TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI(50) REPEATABLE(0)
@@ -165,13 +186,15 @@ NOTICE:  f_leak => my first manga
 NOTICE:  f_leak => my second manga
 NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
 NOTICE:  f_leak => great manga
- did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |        dtitle         
------+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awseome science fiction
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
    4 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first manga
    5 |  44 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second manga
    6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
    8 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga
-(4 rows)
+   9 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awseome science fiction
+(5 rows)
 
 EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
                         QUERY PLAN                        
@@ -201,6 +224,74 @@ EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dt
                              Index Cond: (pguser = CURRENT_USER)
 (11 rows)
 
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_dave
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_dave;
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my second novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great technology book
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awseome science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awseome technology book
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
+   1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
+   2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel
+   3 |  22 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science fiction
+   6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
+   7 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book
+   9 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awseome science fiction
+  10 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awseome technology book
+(7 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my first novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my second novel
+NOTICE:  f_leak => my science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => great technology book
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awseome science fiction
+NOTICE:  f_leak => awseome technology book
+ cid | did | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          |      cname      
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------+-----------------
+  11 |   1 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel          | novel
+  11 |   2 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel         | novel
+  22 |   3 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science fiction      | science fiction
+  22 |   6 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction   | science fiction
+  33 |   7 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book   | technology
+  22 |   9 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awseome science fiction | science fiction
+  33 |  10 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awseome technology book | technology
+(7 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on document
+   Filter: f_leak(document.dtitle)
+   ->  Seq Scan on document document_1
+         Filter: ((cid <> 44) AND (dlevel <= $0))
+         InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+           ->  Index Scan using uaccount_pkey on uaccount
+                 Index Cond: (pguser = CURRENT_USER)
+(7 rows)
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+                              QUERY PLAN                              
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Hash Join
+   Hash Cond: (category.cid = document.cid)
+   ->  Seq Scan on category
+   ->  Hash
+         ->  Subquery Scan on document
+               Filter: f_leak(document.dtitle)
+               ->  Seq Scan on document document_1
+                     Filter: ((cid <> 44) AND (dlevel <= $0))
+                     InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+                       ->  Index Scan using uaccount_pkey on uaccount
+                             Index Cond: (pguser = CURRENT_USER)
+(11 rows)
+
 -- only owner can change policies
 ALTER POLICY p1 ON document USING (true);    --fail
 ERROR:  must be owner of relation document
@@ -318,7 +409,7 @@ SELECT * FROM document d FULL OUTER JOIN category c on d.cid = c.cid;
    7 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book |     | 
 (3 rows)
 
-INSERT INTO document VALUES (10, 33, 1, current_user, 'hoge');
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (11, 33, 1, current_user, 'hoge');
 -- UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY constraint violation DOES reveal presence of row
 SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
 INSERT INTO document VALUES (8, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my third manga'); -- Must fail with unique violation, revealing presence of did we can't see
@@ -337,8 +428,8 @@ ERROR:  new row violates row-level security policy for table "document"
 RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
 SET row_security TO ON;
 SELECT * FROM document;
- did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |        dtitle         
------+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
    1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
    2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel
    3 |  22 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science fiction
@@ -347,8 +438,10 @@ SELECT * FROM document;
    6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
    7 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book
    8 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga
-  10 |  33 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge
-(9 rows)
+   9 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awseome science fiction
+  10 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awseome technology book
+  11 |  33 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge
+(11 rows)
 
 SELECT * FROM category;
  cid |      cname      
@@ -363,8 +456,8 @@ SELECT * FROM category;
 RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
 SET row_security TO OFF;
 SELECT * FROM document;
- did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |        dtitle         
------+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
    1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
    2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel
    3 |  22 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science fiction
@@ -373,8 +466,10 @@ SELECT * FROM document;
    6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
    7 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book
    8 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga
-  10 |  33 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge
-(9 rows)
+   9 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awseome science fiction
+  10 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awseome technology book
+  11 |  33 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge
+(11 rows)
 
 SELECT * FROM category;
  cid |      cname      
@@ -389,8 +484,8 @@ SELECT * FROM category;
 SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user;
 SET row_security TO OFF;
 SELECT * FROM document;
- did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |        dtitle         
------+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
    1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
    2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel
    3 |  22 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science fiction
@@ -399,8 +494,10 @@ SELECT * FROM document;
    6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
    7 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book
    8 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga
-  10 |  33 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge
-(9 rows)
+   9 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awseome science fiction
+  10 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awseome technology book
+  11 |  33 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge
+(11 rows)
 
 SELECT * FROM category;
  cid |      cname      
@@ -415,8 +512,8 @@ SELECT * FROM category;
 SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
 SET row_security TO ON;
 SELECT * FROM document;
- did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |        dtitle         
------+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
    1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
    2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel
    3 |  22 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science fiction
@@ -425,8 +522,10 @@ SELECT * FROM document;
    6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
    7 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book
    8 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga
-  10 |  33 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge
-(9 rows)
+   9 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awseome science fiction
+  10 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awseome technology book
+  11 |  33 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge
+(11 rows)
 
 SELECT * FROM category;
  cid |      cname      
@@ -441,8 +540,8 @@ SELECT * FROM category;
 SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
 SET row_security TO OFF;
 SELECT * FROM document;
- did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |        dtitle         
------+-----+--------+-------------------+-----------------------
+ did | cid | dlevel |      dauthor      |         dtitle          
+-----+-----+--------+-------------------+-------------------------
    1 |  11 |      1 | regress_rls_bob   | my first novel
    2 |  11 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my second novel
    3 |  22 |      2 | regress_rls_bob   | my science fiction
@@ -451,8 +550,10 @@ SELECT * FROM document;
    6 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction
    7 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book
    8 |  44 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga
-  10 |  33 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge
-(9 rows)
+   9 |  22 |      1 | regress_rls_dave  | awseome science fiction
+  10 |  33 |      2 | regress_rls_dave  | awseome technology book
+  11 |  33 |      1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge
+(11 rows)
 
 SELECT * FROM category;
  cid |      cname      
@@ -1517,6 +1618,7 @@ SELECT * FROM b1;
 --
 SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
 DROP POLICY p1 ON document;
+DROP POLICY p1r ON document;
 CREATE POLICY p1 ON document FOR SELECT USING (true);
 CREATE POLICY p2 ON document FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (dauthor = current_user);
 CREATE POLICY p3 ON document FOR UPDATE
@@ -3461,6 +3563,7 @@ RESET client_min_messages;
 DROP USER regress_rls_alice;
 DROP USER regress_rls_bob;
 DROP USER regress_rls_carol;
+DROP USER regress_rls_dave;
 DROP USER regress_rls_exempt_user;
 DROP ROLE regress_rls_group1;
 DROP ROLE regress_rls_group2;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/rowsecurity.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/rowsecurity.sql
index 7fcefe4..98a0f1f 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/sql/rowsecurity.sql
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/rowsecurity.sql
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ SET client_min_messages TO 'warning';
 DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_alice;
 DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_bob;
 DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_carol;
+DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_dave;
 DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_exempt_user;
 DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_rls_group1;
 DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_rls_group2;
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ RESET client_min_messages;
 CREATE USER regress_rls_alice NOLOGIN;
 CREATE USER regress_rls_bob NOLOGIN;
 CREATE USER regress_rls_carol NOLOGIN;
+CREATE USER regress_rls_dave NOLOGIN;
 CREATE USER regress_rls_exempt_user BYPASSRLS NOLOGIN;
 CREATE ROLE regress_rls_group1 NOLOGIN;
 CREATE ROLE regress_rls_group2 NOLOGIN;
@@ -80,14 +82,20 @@ INSERT INTO document VALUES
     ( 5, 44, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my second manga'),
     ( 6, 22, 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great science fiction'),
     ( 7, 33, 2, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great technology book'),
-    ( 8, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great manga');
+    ( 8, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great manga'),
+    ( 9, 22, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'awseome science fiction'),
+    (10, 33, 2, 'regress_rls_dave', 'awseome technology book');
 
 ALTER TABLE document ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
 
 -- user's security level must be higher than or equal to document's
-CREATE POLICY p1 ON document
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON document AS PERMISSIVE
     USING (dlevel <= (SELECT seclv FROM uaccount WHERE pguser = current_user));
 
+-- but Dave isn't allowed to see manga documents
+CREATE POLICY p1r ON document AS RESTRICTIVE TO regress_rls_dave
+    USING (cid <> 44);
+
 -- viewpoint from regress_rls_bob
 SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
 SET row_security TO ON;
@@ -110,6 +118,14 @@ SELECT * FROM document TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI(50) REPEATABLE(0)
 EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
 EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
 
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_dave
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_dave;
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+
 -- only owner can change policies
 ALTER POLICY p1 ON document USING (true);    --fail
 DROP POLICY p1 ON document;                  --fail
@@ -147,7 +163,7 @@ DELETE FROM category WHERE cid = 33;    -- fails with FK violation
 -- can insert FK referencing invisible PK
 SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
 SELECT * FROM document d FULL OUTER JOIN category c on d.cid = c.cid;
-INSERT INTO document VALUES (10, 33, 1, current_user, 'hoge');
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (11, 33, 1, current_user, 'hoge');
 
 -- UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY constraint violation DOES reveal presence of row
 SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
@@ -517,6 +533,7 @@ SELECT * FROM b1;
 
 SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
 DROP POLICY p1 ON document;
+DROP POLICY p1r ON document;
 
 CREATE POLICY p1 ON document FOR SELECT USING (true);
 CREATE POLICY p2 ON document FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (dauthor = current_user);
@@ -1577,6 +1594,7 @@ RESET client_min_messages;
 DROP USER regress_rls_alice;
 DROP USER regress_rls_bob;
 DROP USER regress_rls_carol;
+DROP USER regress_rls_dave;
 DROP USER regress_rls_exempt_user;
 DROP ROLE regress_rls_group1;
 DROP ROLE regress_rls_group2;
-- 
2.7.4

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