Hi list,
I'm writing an application that will aggregate records with a few
million records into averages/sums/minimums etc grouped per day.
Clients can add filters and do lots of customization on what they want
to see. And I've to translate that to one or more queries. Basically, I
append each filter as either an extra and-in-the-where or joined with
the clauses as ON-clause. The application now uses 8.1devel but I think
the basic plans are similar to 8.0. At least for this first query.
I noticed a query taking over 25 seconds to execute:
SELECT "make a timestamp" grouper, chart_2.Prijs as field_2_0
FROM
pwprijs as chart_2
JOIN pwprodukten t_0 ON chart_2.ProduktID = t_0.ID AND t_0.Cat2 IN
(SELECT 545 UNION SELECT ID FROM cat WHERE ParentID = 545)
JOIN pwprijs t_1 ON chart_2.ProduktID = t_1.ProduktID
AND t_1.LeverancierID = 938 AND t_1.recordtimestamp >= "last
timestamp"
WHERE
chart_2.Prijs > 0
It yields quite a long plan, so I've send that as an attachment along.
Basically it combines two tables against an original to fetch "all
prices (of all suppliers) for products of a certain category that are
sold by a certain supplier".
I was wondering how rewriting it to subselects would improve
performance, but that wasn't a very clear winner. It shaved of about 5
seconds. So I took the subselects and used INTERSECT to unite them and
have only one IN-clause in the query. That made it go down to around 13
seconds.
I noticed it was doing a seq scan on the largest table to get the "Prijs
> 0"-condition. But since there are only 947 of the 7692207 with prijs
= 0 and none with < 0, it shouldn't be the main thing to look for.
Dropping the clause made a minor improvement in performance for the queries.
But disabling sequential scans allowed an improvement to only 660 ms
compared to the 13 seconds earlier! Row-estimates seem to be quite a bit
off, so I already set the statistics target to 1000 and re-analyzed.
Btw, adding the prijs-clause again would make it choose another index
and thus resulted in much longer operation.
The final query, only taking 650ms, would be:
SELECT
"make a timestamp" as grouper,
chart_2.Prijs as field_2_0
FROM
pwprijs as chart_2
WHERE
chart_2.ProduktID IN (SELECT ID FROM pwprodukten WHERE Cat2 IN
(SELECT 545 UNION SELECT ID FROM cat WHERE ParentID = 545)
INTERSECT
SELECT produktid FROM pwprijs WHERE LeverancierID = 938
AND recordtimestamp >= "last timestamp")
So I'm wondering: how can I make postgres decide to use the (correct)
index without having to disable seq scans and how can I still add the
prijs-clause without dropping the index for it (since it should be used
for other filters). And for ease of use in my application I'd prefer to
use the first query or the version with two seperate IN-clauses.
Is that possible?
I left all the configuration-stuff to the defaults since changing values
didn't seem to impact much. Apart from the buffers and effective cache,
increasing those made the performance worse.
Best regards,
Arjen
Table "public.pwprijs"
Column | Type | Modifiers
-----------------+---------+-----------
produktid | integer | not null
leverancierid | integer | not null
prijs | real | not null
Time | bigint | not null
recordtimestamp | bigint | not null
Indexes:
"pwprijs_levid_idx" btree (leverancierid), tablespace "raptor"
"pwprijs_levid_pid_idx" btree (leverancierid, produktid), tablespace
"raptor"
"pwprijs_levid_rects_idx" btree (leverancierid, recordtimestamp),
tablespace "raptor"
"pwprijs_produktid_timestamp_idx" btree (produktid, recordtimestamp),
tablespace "raptor"
"pwprijs_rec_levid_pid" btree (recordtimestamp, leverancierid, produktid),
tablespace "raptor"
"pwprijs_recordtimestamp_idx" btree (recordtimestamp), tablespace "raptor"
"pwprijs_recordtimestamp_produktid_prijs_idx" btree (recordtimestamp,
produktid, prijs), tablespace "raptor"
Tablespace: "raptor"
Table "public.pwprodukten"
Column | Type | Modifiers
-----------------+-----------------------+------------------------------
id | integer | not null
naam | character varying(80) | not null
cat2 | smallint | not null
recordtimestamp | bigint | not null
Indexes:
"pwprodukten_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
"pwprodukten_cat_idx" btree (cat2)
SELECT
CAST('epoch'::timestamp + (chart_2.RecordTimestamp - (chart_2.RecordTimestamp
% 86400)) * interval '1 second' as date) as grouper,
chart_2.Prijs as field_2_0
FROM
pwprijs as chart_2
JOIN pwprodukten t_0 ON chart_2.ProduktID = t_0.ID
AND t_0.Cat2 IN (SELECT 545 UNION SELECT ID FROM cat WHERE
ParentID = 545)
JOIN pwprijs t_1 ON chart_2.ProduktID = t_1.ProduktID AND
t_1.LeverancierID = 938 AND t_1.recordtimestamp >=
(SELECT max_date - 60 FROM last_dates WHERE table_name =
'pricetracker')
WHERE
chart_2.Prijs > 0
Hash Join (cost=72062.34..940100.37 rows=22901407 width=12) (actual
time=746.520..29655.748 rows=58065 loops=1)
Hash Cond: ("outer".produktid = "inner".id)
InitPlan
-> Seq Scan on last_dates (cost=0.00..1.06 rows=1 width=8) (actual
time=0.041..0.045 rows=1 loops=1)
Filter: ((table_name)::text = 'pricetracker'::text)
-> Seq Scan on pwprijs chart_2 (cost=0.00..156721.59 rows=7691800
width=16) (actual time=8.457..14713.939 rows=7691260 loops=1)
Filter: (prijs > 0::double precision)
-> Hash (cost=71769.47..71769.47 rows=42319 width=8) (actual
time=606.996..606.996 rows=103 loops=1)
-> Hash Join (cost=4329.24..71769.47 rows=42319 width=8) (actual
time=599.771..606.782 rows=103 loops=1)
Hash Cond: ("outer".produktid = "inner".id)
-> Bitmap Heap Scan on pwprijs t_1 (cost=787.84..65786.28
rows=84640 width=4) (actual time=36.049..40.618 rows=4405 loops=1)
Recheck Cond: ((leverancierid = 938) AND (recordtimestamp
>= $1))
-> Bitmap Index Scan on pwprijs_levid_rects_idx
(cost=0.00..787.84 rows=84640 width=0) (actual time=36.004..36.004 rows=4405
loops=1)
Index Cond: ((leverancierid = 938) AND
(recordtimestamp >= $1))
-> Hash (cost=3399.01..3399.01 rows=22156 width=4) (actual
time=561.313..561.313 rows=1458 loops=1)
-> Seq Scan on pwprodukten t_0 (cost=10.45..3399.01
rows=22156 width=4) (actual time=60.957..559.595 rows=1458 loops=1)
Filter: (subplan)
SubPlan
-> Materialize (cost=10.45..10.53 rows=8
width=2) (actual time=0.002..0.006 rows=8 loops=44313)
-> Unique (cost=10.40..10.44 rows=8
width=2) (actual time=44.831..44.846 rows=8 loops=1)
-> Sort (cost=10.40..10.42 rows=8
width=2) (actual time=44.829..44.834 rows=8 loops=1)
Sort Key: "?column?"
-> Append (cost=0.00..10.28
rows=8 width=2) (actual time=0.006..44.754 rows=8 loops=1)
-> Subquery Scan
"*SELECT* 1" (cost=0.00..0.02 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=0.004..0.006 rows=1
loops=1)
-> Result
(cost=0.00..0.01 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=0.002..0.003 rows=1 loops=1)
-> Subquery Scan
"*SELECT* 2" (cost=2.02..10.26 rows=7 width=2) (actual time=44.723..44.738
rows=7 loops=1)
-> Bitmap Heap Scan
on cat (cost=2.02..10.19 rows=7 width=2) (actual time=44.719..44.726 rows=7
loops=1)
Recheck Cond:
(parentid = 545)
-> Bitmap
Index Scan on cat_parentid_idx (cost=0.00..2.02 rows=7 width=0) (actual
time=44.704..44.704 rows=7 loops=1)
Index
Cond: (parentid = 545)
Total runtime: 29688.736 ms
SELECT
CAST('epoch'::timestamp + (chart_2.RecordTimestamp - (chart_2.RecordTimestamp
% 86400)) * interval '1 second' as date) as grouper,
chart_2.Prijs as field_2_0
FROM
pwprijs as chart_2
WHERE
chart_2.ProduktID IN (SELECT ID FROM pwprodukten WHERE Cat2 IN (SELECT 545
UNION SELECT ID FROM cat WHERE ParentID = 545))
AND
chart_2.ProduktID IN (SELECT produktid FROM pwprijs WHERE LeverancierID = 938
AND recordtimestamp >=
(SELECT max_date - 60 FROM last_dates WHERE table_name =
'pricetracker'))
AND
chart_2.Prijs > 0
Nested Loop IN Join (cost=2850.25..230556.55 rows=1699 width=12) (actual
time=482.862..24419.848 rows=58065 loops=1)
InitPlan
-> Seq Scan on last_dates (cost=0.00..1.06 rows=1 width=8) (actual
time=0.022..0.025 rows=1 loops=1)
Filter: ((table_name)::text = 'pricetracker'::text)
-> Hash IN Join (cost=2849.18..200109.24 rows=207947 width=20) (actual
time=360.511..15450.592 rows=190487 loops=1)
Hash Cond: ("outer".produktid = "inner".id)
-> Seq Scan on pwprijs chart_2 (cost=0.00..156721.59 rows=7691800
width=16) (actual time=11.587..10137.642 rows=7691260 loops=1)
Filter: (prijs > 0::double precision)
-> Hash (cost=2846.19..2846.19 rows=1198 width=4) (actual
time=244.576..244.576 rows=1458 loops=1)
-> Nested Loop (cost=12.93..2846.19 rows=1198 width=4) (actual
time=48.646..243.239 rows=1458 loops=1)
-> Unique (cost=10.40..10.44 rows=8 width=2) (actual
time=19.552..19.580 rows=8 loops=1)
-> Sort (cost=10.40..10.42 rows=8 width=2) (actual
time=19.550..19.559 rows=8 loops=1)
Sort Key: "?column?"
-> Append (cost=0.00..10.28 rows=8 width=2)
(actual time=0.005..19.532 rows=8 loops=1)
-> Subquery Scan "*SELECT* 1"
(cost=0.00..0.02 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=0.005..0.007 rows=1 loops=1)
-> Result (cost=0.00..0.01
rows=1 width=0) (actual time=0.003..0.003 rows=1 loops=1)
-> Subquery Scan "*SELECT* 2"
(cost=2.02..10.26 rows=7 width=2) (actual time=19.501..19.518 rows=7 loops=1)
-> Bitmap Heap Scan on cat
(cost=2.02..10.19 rows=7 width=2) (actual time=19.499..19.506 rows=7 loops=1)
Recheck Cond: (parentid =
545)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on
cat_parentid_idx (cost=0.00..2.02 rows=7 width=0) (actual time=19.493..19.493
rows=7 loops=1)
Index Cond: (parentid
= 545)
-> Bitmap Heap Scan on pwprodukten (cost=2.52..352.58
rows=150 width=6) (actual time=3.717..27.732 rows=182 loops=8)
Recheck Cond: (pwprodukten.cat2 = "outer"."?column?")
-> Bitmap Index Scan on pwprodukten_cat_idx
(cost=0.00..2.52 rows=150 width=0) (actual time=1.510..1.510 rows=182 loops=8)
Index Cond: (pwprodukten.cat2 =
"outer"."?column?")
-> Index Scan using pwprijs_levid_pid_idx on pwprijs (cost=0.00..34.16
rows=3 width=4) (actual time=0.044..0.044 rows=0 loops=190487)
Index Cond: ((pwprijs.leverancierid = 938) AND ("outer".produktid =
pwprijs.produktid))
Filter: (recordtimestamp >= $0)
Total runtime: 24466.560 ms
SELECT
CAST('epoch'::timestamp + (chart_2.RecordTimestamp - (chart_2.RecordTimestamp
% 86400)) * interval '1 second' as date) as grouper,
chart_2.Prijs as field_2_0
FROM
pwprijs as chart_2
WHERE
chart_2.ProduktID IN (SELECT ID FROM pwprodukten WHERE Cat2 IN (SELECT 545
UNION SELECT ID FROM cat WHERE ParentID = 545)
INTERSECT
SELECT produktid FROM pwprijs WHERE LeverancierID = 938 AND
recordtimestamp >=
(SELECT max_date - 60 FROM last_dates WHERE table_name =
'pricetracker'))
AND
chart_2.Prijs > 0
Hash Join (cost=77791.44..457846.83 rows=2010732 width=12) (actual
time=409.838..13202.566 rows=58065 loops=1)
Hash Cond: ("outer".produktid = "inner".id)
-> Seq Scan on pwprijs chart_2 (cost=0.00..156721.59 rows=7691800
width=16) (actual time=7.896..8253.585 rows=7691260 loops=1)
Filter: (prijs > 0::double precision)
-> Hash (cost=77769.98..77769.98 rows=8584 width=4) (actual
time=325.008..325.008 rows=103 loops=1)
-> SetOp Intersect (cost=77254.95..77684.14 rows=8584 width=4)
(actual time=317.384..324.932 rows=103 loops=1)
-> Sort (cost=77254.95..77469.55 rows=85838 width=4) (actual
time=317.361..320.519 rows=5863 loops=1)
Sort Key: id
-> Append (cost=12.93..69491.92 rows=85838 width=4)
(actual time=38.765..308.837 rows=5863 loops=1)
-> Subquery Scan "*SELECT* 1" (cost=12.93..2858.17
rows=1198 width=4) (actual time=38.763..256.795 rows=1458 loops=1)
-> Nested Loop (cost=12.93..2846.19
rows=1198 width=4) (actual time=38.761..254.989 rows=1458 loops=1)
-> Unique (cost=10.40..10.44 rows=8
width=2) (actual time=8.994..9.027 rows=8 loops=1)
-> Sort (cost=10.40..10.42
rows=8 width=2) (actual time=8.993..9.000 rows=8 loops=1)
Sort Key: "?column?"
-> Append
(cost=0.00..10.28 rows=8 width=2) (actual time=0.003..8.978 rows=8 loops=1)
-> Subquery Scan
"*SELECT* 1" (cost=0.00..0.02 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=0.003..0.005 rows=1
loops=1)
-> Result
(cost=0.00..0.01 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=0.001..0.001 rows=1 loops=1)
-> Subquery Scan
"*SELECT* 2" (cost=2.02..10.26 rows=7 width=2) (actual time=8.949..8.963
rows=7 loops=1)
-> Bitmap Heap
Scan on cat (cost=2.02..10.19 rows=7 width=2) (actual time=8.945..8.952 rows=7
loops=1)
Recheck
Cond: (parentid = 545)
-> Bitmap
Index Scan on cat_parentid_idx (cost=0.00..2.02 rows=7 width=0) (actual
time=8.940..8.940 rows=7 loops=1)
Index Cond: (parentid = 545)
-> Bitmap Heap Scan on pwprodukten
(cost=2.52..352.58 rows=150 width=6) (actual time=3.847..30.522 rows=182
loops=8)
Recheck Cond: (pwprodukten.cat2 =
"outer"."?column?")
-> Bitmap Index Scan on
pwprodukten_cat_idx (cost=0.00..2.52 rows=150 width=0) (actual
time=1.583..1.583 rows=182 loops=8)
Index Cond:
(pwprodukten.cat2 = "outer"."?column?")
-> Subquery Scan "*SELECT* 2"
(cost=788.90..66633.75 rows=84640 width=4) (actual time=36.653..46.266
rows=4405 loops=1)
-> Bitmap Heap Scan on pwprijs
(cost=788.90..65787.35 rows=84640 width=4) (actual time=36.651..41.326
rows=4405 loops=1)
Recheck Cond: ((leverancierid = 938) AND
(recordtimestamp >= $0))
InitPlan
-> Seq Scan on last_dates
(cost=0.00..1.06 rows=1 width=8) (actual time=0.025..0.029 rows=1 loops=1)
Filter: ((table_name)::text =
'pricetracker'::text)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on
pwprijs_levid_rects_idx (cost=0.00..787.84 rows=84640 width=0) (actual
time=36.614..36.614 rows=4405 loops=1)
Index Cond: ((leverancierid = 938)
AND (recordtimestamp >= $0))
Total runtime: 13234.570 ms
set enable_seqscan = false;
without prijs-clause:
Nested Loop (cost=77299.32..7858118.21 rows=2013780 width=12) (actual
time=33.964..634.359 rows=58065 loops=1)
-> SetOp Intersect (cost=77296.51..77727.66 rows=8623 width=4) (actual
time=33.632..42.356 rows=103 loops=1)
-> Sort (cost=77296.51..77512.08 rows=86231 width=4) (actual
time=33.616..36.979 rows=5863 loops=1)
Sort Key: id
-> Append (cost=12.93..69495.92 rows=86231 width=4) (actual
time=0.214..25.380 rows=5863 loops=1)
-> Subquery Scan "*SELECT* 1" (cost=12.93..2858.17
rows=1198 width=4) (actual time=0.213..8.779 rows=1458 loops=1)
-> Nested Loop (cost=12.93..2846.19 rows=1198
width=4) (actual time=0.211..7.065 rows=1458 loops=1)
-> Unique (cost=10.40..10.44 rows=8 width=2)
(actual time=0.095..0.122 rows=8 loops=1)
-> Sort (cost=10.40..10.42 rows=8
width=2) (actual time=0.093..0.099 rows=8 loops=1)
Sort Key: "?column?"
-> Append (cost=0.00..10.28
rows=8 width=2) (actual time=0.003..0.079 rows=8 loops=1)
-> Subquery Scan "*SELECT*
1" (cost=0.00..0.02 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=0.003..0.005 rows=1 loops=1)
-> Result
(cost=0.00..0.01 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=0.001..0.001 rows=1 loops=1)
-> Subquery Scan "*SELECT*
2" (cost=2.02..10.26 rows=7 width=2) (actual time=0.050..0.065 rows=7 loops=1)
-> Bitmap Heap Scan
on cat (cost=2.02..10.19 rows=7 width=2) (actual time=0.048..0.054 rows=7
loops=1)
Recheck Cond:
(parentid = 545)
-> Bitmap Index
Scan on cat_parentid_idx (cost=0.00..2.02 rows=7 width=0) (actual
time=0.040..0.040 rows=7 loops=1)
Index
Cond: (parentid = 545)
-> Bitmap Heap Scan on pwprodukten
(cost=2.52..352.58 rows=150 width=6) (actual time=0.076..0.658 rows=182 loops=8)
Recheck Cond: (pwprodukten.cat2 =
"outer"."?column?")
-> Bitmap Index Scan on
pwprodukten_cat_idx (cost=0.00..2.52 rows=150 width=0) (actual
time=0.056..0.056 rows=182 loops=8)
Index Cond: (pwprodukten.cat2 =
"outer"."?column?")
-> Subquery Scan "*SELECT* 2" (cost=794.53..66637.75
rows=85033 width=4) (actual time=1.064..10.785 rows=4405 loops=1)
-> Bitmap Heap Scan on pwprijs
(cost=794.53..65787.42 rows=85033 width=4) (actual time=1.062..5.792 rows=4405
loops=1)
Recheck Cond: ((leverancierid = 938) AND
(recordtimestamp >= $0))
InitPlan
-> Index Scan using last_dates_pkey on
last_dates (cost=0.00..3.33 rows=1 width=8) (actual time=0.042..0.044 rows=1
loops=1)
Index Cond: ((table_name)::text =
'pricetracker'::text)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on
pwprijs_levid_rects_idx (cost=0.00..791.20 rows=85033 width=0) (actual
time=1.027..1.027 rows=4405 loops=1)
Index Cond: ((leverancierid = 938) AND
(recordtimestamp >= $0))
-> Bitmap Heap Scan on pwprijs chart_2 (cost=2.82..895.85 rows=234
width=16) (actual time=0.363..3.980 rows=564 loops=103)
Recheck Cond: (chart_2.produktid = "outer".id)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on pwprijs_produktid_timestamp_idx
(cost=0.00..2.82 rows=234 width=0) (actual time=0.206..0.206 rows=564 loops=103)
Index Cond: (chart_2.produktid = "outer".id)
Total runtime: 665.335 ms
with prijs-clause:
Hash Join (cost=134379.17..514503.02 rows=2013674 width=12) (actual
time=3089.037..15063.409 rows=58065 loops=1)
Hash Cond: ("outer".produktid = "inner".id)
-> Bitmap Heap Scan on pwprijs chart_2 (cost=56543.72..213260.22
rows=7691800 width=16) (actual time=2972.869..10299.608 rows=7691260 loops=1)
Recheck Cond: (prijs > 0::double precision)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on pwprijs_recordtimestamp_produktid_prijs_idx
(cost=0.00..56543.72 rows=7691800 width=0) (actual time=2962.018..2962.018
rows=7691260 loops=1)
Index Cond: (prijs > 0::double precision)
-> Hash (cost=77813.89..77813.89 rows=8623 width=4) (actual
time=41.373..41.373 rows=103 loops=1)
-> SetOp Intersect (cost=77296.51..77727.66 rows=8623 width=4)
(actual time=33.770..41.297 rows=103 loops=1)
-> Sort (cost=77296.51..77512.08 rows=86231 width=4) (actual
time=33.756..36.971 rows=5863 loops=1)
Sort Key: id
-> Append (cost=12.93..69495.92 rows=86231 width=4)
(actual time=0.247..25.379 rows=5863 loops=1)
-> Subquery Scan "*SELECT* 1" (cost=12.93..2858.17
rows=1198 width=4) (actual time=0.246..8.816 rows=1458 loops=1)
-> Nested Loop (cost=12.93..2846.19
rows=1198 width=4) (actual time=0.243..7.092 rows=1458 loops=1)
-> Unique (cost=10.40..10.44 rows=8
width=2) (actual time=0.110..0.135 rows=8 loops=1)
-> Sort (cost=10.40..10.42
rows=8 width=2) (actual time=0.108..0.115 rows=8 loops=1)
Sort Key: "?column?"
-> Append
(cost=0.00..10.28 rows=8 width=2) (actual time=0.004..0.092 rows=8 loops=1)
-> Subquery Scan
"*SELECT* 1" (cost=0.00..0.02 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=0.004..0.006 rows=1
loops=1)
-> Result
(cost=0.00..0.01 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=0.002..0.003 rows=1 loops=1)
-> Subquery Scan
"*SELECT* 2" (cost=2.02..10.26 rows=7 width=2) (actual time=0.062..0.077
rows=7 loops=1)
-> Bitmap Heap
Scan on cat (cost=2.02..10.19 rows=7 width=2) (actual time=0.059..0.066 rows=7
loops=1)
Recheck
Cond: (parentid = 545)
-> Bitmap
Index Scan on cat_parentid_idx (cost=0.00..2.02 rows=7 width=0) (actual
time=0.042..0.042 rows=7 loops=1)
Index Cond: (parentid = 545)
-> Bitmap Heap Scan on pwprodukten
(cost=2.52..352.58 rows=150 width=6) (actual time=0.078..0.658 rows=182 loops=8)
Recheck Cond: (pwprodukten.cat2 =
"outer"."?column?")
-> Bitmap Index Scan on
pwprodukten_cat_idx (cost=0.00..2.52 rows=150 width=0) (actual
time=0.058..0.058 rows=182 loops=8)
Index Cond:
(pwprodukten.cat2 = "outer"."?column?")
-> Subquery Scan "*SELECT* 2"
(cost=794.53..66637.75 rows=85033 width=4) (actual time=1.075..10.724 rows=4405
loops=1)
-> Bitmap Heap Scan on pwprijs
(cost=794.53..65787.42 rows=85033 width=4) (actual time=1.072..5.846 rows=4405
loops=1)
Recheck Cond: ((leverancierid = 938) AND
(recordtimestamp >= $0))
InitPlan
-> Index Scan using last_dates_pkey
on last_dates (cost=0.00..3.33 rows=1 width=8) (actual time=0.045..0.047
rows=1 loops=1)
Index Cond: ((table_name)::text
= 'pricetracker'::text)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on
pwprijs_levid_rects_idx (cost=0.00..791.20 rows=85033 width=0) (actual
time=1.037..1.037 rows=4405 loops=1)
Index Cond: ((leverancierid = 938)
AND (recordtimestamp >= $0))
Total runtime: 15095.402 ms
---------------------------(end of broadcast)---------------------------
TIP 9: In versions below 8.0, the planner will ignore your desire to
choose an index scan if your joining column's datatypes do not
match
