Quoting Orlando Andico ([EMAIL PROTECTED]):

> I've heard about Berlin and GGI on and off for YEARS. The fact they're 
> still moribund says plenty about how good X is.

A lot of software projects look moribund for a long time, if you don't
know where to look.  (Of course, in some cases, it's because they _are_ 
moribund, but I have a point to make about those that aren't.)

Ambitious projects like OSes and network-oriented graphics subsystems
require a lot of fundamental groundwork before any flamboyant results
are even possible:  First, the development tools and libraries must be
written, then the necessary support utilities, and only in the latter
stages does anything even get _started_ that seems useful to end-users.
This has an effect on the pace of development, too:  In open-source
projects particularly, since developers are human and would rather do
work that will reach payoff sooner rather than later, they seldom
contribute to projects in the early tools-and-libraries stage.

So, such projects tend to be sparsely staffed and show no
attention-getting results for most of their history, and then suddenly 
attract people and move rapidly.  (One of the reasons Stallman and the
FSF people get touchy about credit to the GNU Project is that they
worked in obscurity on the difficult and crucial components for years, 
and then latecomers borrowed their hard work to make the final pieces
that got all the applause.)

> It's one thing to bellyache about X, but no one (at least until Aqua) has 
> been able to come up with a decent alternative -- of course there's the 
> Sun NeWS, which had DPS support too. And died.

NeWS was tightly Sun-controlled and very proprietary, and thus far less
acceptable from the viewpoint of industry politics than the X Window
System, which was a half-assed, perpetually unfinished MIT project but
liberally licensed and politics-neutral.

Which brings us back to GNUstep and OpenStep:  _Unlike_ the case with
Berlin and GGI, the GNUstep people aren't designing and building
something ridiculously ambitious from scratch.  In a move that he
probably now regrets, Steve Jobs helped create OpenStep as a complete, 
detailed specification for how to write tools, libraries, and graphics
subsystems compatible with those that ran on NeXTStep.  He even, with
considerable ill grace (and largely on account of licence requirements)
contributed Objective C support to gcc.  So, the GNUstep Project started
out with a proven design, a complete spec, and some necessary tools
already completed.

It's possible that GNUstep never comes to fruition for some reason, 
maybe because something better comes along, or for worse reasons.  It's
also possible that it'll never fully obsolete X11.  But it's nice to
know the developers are out there, trying.

-- 
Cheers,            There are only 10 types of people in this world -- 
Rick Moen          those who understand binary arithmetic and those who don't.
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