--- In [email protected], "Lina Dahlan" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > Siapa yang melarang meniru. Silakan saja meniru yang baik. > Apakah negara2 yang mbah sebutkan tsb bener3 sukses. Apa saja ukuran kesuksesan suatu negara?. Moral (kemaksiatan or kejahatan), luas area, Kesejahteraan: pendapatan perkapita, banyaknya penduduk, > peradaban.
Siapa yang pernah mengadakan riset ttg ini? > DH: Ukuran? gampang mbak, ini sudah di-standardized. Yang research banyak mbak, yang membuar gelar doktor dalam thema ini juga banyak, di fakultas Ekonomi disini. Mbok ya main main kemari mbak, indah kok. Ini misalnya: Economy of Switzerland Statistics GDP Ranking (2003) [1] 37th GDP (2004) [2] $366.9 billion GDP growth rate (Q1 2005) 1.8% GDP per Capita (Q2 '04 annualised) $33,800 GDP by sector (2004) agriculture (1.5%), industry (34.0%), services (36.5%) Inflation rate (Q1 2005) 0.9% nahhh? !!!!!!! Labour force by occupation (2002) agriculture (4.6%), industry (26.3%), services (69.1%) Unemployment rate (2004 est) 3.4% nahhhh? !!!!!! Main Industries machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments Trading Partners Exports $130.7 billion (2004 est) Main Partners (2004 est) Germany 20%, US 9.1%, France 9.1%, Italy 8.8%, UK 4.9% Imports $121.1 billion (2004 est) Main Partners (2004 est) Germany 29%, Italy 11.8%, France 11.1%, US 7.6%, Austria 4.5%, UK 4.5%, Netherlands 4.3% Public Finances Public Debt (2005) 57.2% of GDP External Debt (2005 est) $NA Revenues (2004) $131.5 billion Expenses (2004) $140.4 billion Economic Aid (ODA) (1997) $1.1 billion The economy of Switzerland is one of the world's most stable economies. Its policy of long-term monetary security and bank secrecy has made Switzerland a safe haven for investors, creating an economy that is increasingly dependent on a steady tide of foreign investment. Because of the country's small size and high labour specialisation, industry and trade are the keys to Switzerland's economic livelihood. History For much of the 20th century Switzerland was the wealthiest country in Europe by a considerable margin. However since the 1990s it has suffered from slow growth, and as of 2005 it dropped to fourth place among European states with populations above one million in terms of Gross Domestic Product per capita at purchasing power parity, behind Ireland, Denmark and Norway (see list). Between 1991 to 1997, Switzerland had the weakest economic growth in Western Europe, averaging no appreciable increase in gross domestic product (GDP). Beginning in 1997, however, a global resurgence in currency movement provided the necessary stimulus to the Swiss economy. It slowly gained momentum and peaked in the year 2000 with 3.0% growth in real terms. This is a chart of trend of gross domestic product of Switzerland at market prices estimated by the International Monetary Fund with figures in millions of Swiss Francs. Year Gross Domestic Product US Dollar Exchange 1980 183,077 1.67 Francs 1985 242,045 2.43 Francs 1990 327,584 1.38 Francs 1995 372,250 1.18 Francs 2000 415,529 1.68 Francs 2005 456,859 1.24 Francs Trade Apart from industry, trade has been the key to prosperity in Switzerland. The country is dependent upon exports to generate income and on imports for raw materials and goods. With the notable exception of a strict policy of agricultural protectionism, Switzerland has liberal trade and investment policies. An expansive commercial and bank law system makes Switzerland one of the most secure investment places in the world. The Swiss franc is one of the world's soundest currencies, and the country is known for its high standard of Swiss banking and financial services. The machinery, metals, electronics, and chemicals sectors are known for precision and quality. Together, they account for well over half of Switzerland's export revenues. The country is approximately 60% self-sufficient, taking only 7.5% of its imports from the U.S. Switzerland ranks 18th among the main trading partners of the U.S. worldwide. The Swiss economy earns roughly half of its corporate earnings from the export industry and about 70% of Swiss exports are destined for the EU market. The United States is the second-largest importer (9.1%) of Swiss goods after Germany (20.0%). Germany, on the other hand, exports more to Switzerland each year than to all the countries of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe combined. In addition, the United States is the largest foreign investor in Switzerland, and conversely, the primary destination of Swiss foreign investment. It is estimated that 200,000 American jobs depend on Swiss foreign investments. Total U.S.-Swiss bilateral trade, nevertheless, decreased by 12% to $17.16 billion during 2002 compared to the previous year. [edit] Agricultural protectionism Switzerland is extremely protective of its agricultural industry. High tariffs and extensive domestic subsidisation ensures that the country will remain largely self sufficient agriculturally. According to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Switzerland is subsidizing more than 70% of its agriculture compared to 35% in the EU. The 2007 Agricultural Program, recently adopted by the Swiss Federal Assembly, will increase subsidies by SF 63 million to SF 14.092 billion. The stringent policy of agricultural protectionism is generally harmful to the workforce. Domestic agriculture will monopolise labour that can be better deployed elsewhere and acts as a shield against beneficial import of labour. Consequently, Switzerland has a high cost of living in not only food but also rents, since much land needed for human occupation is retained by farms. About 40% of Switzerland is covered for agricultural purposes. Tourism Switzerland has a highly developed tourism infrastructure, making it a good market for tourism-related equipment and services). Tourism is the most important U.S. export to Switzerland, contributing about SF 1.5 billion to the Swiss economy every year. Workforce The Swiss economy is characterised by a skilled and peaceful workforce. One quarter of the country's full-time workers are unionised. Labour and management relations are amicable, characterised by a willingness to settle disputes instead of resorting to labour action. About 600 collective bargaining agreements exist today in Switzerland and are regularly renewed without major problems. Terrorism Through the United States-Swiss Joint Economic Commission (JEC), Switzerland has passed strict legislation covering anti-terrorism financing and the prevention of terroristic acts, marked by the implementation of several anti-money laundering procedures and the seizure of al-Qaeda accounts. Continued relationship with the United States through the JEC has brought the Swiss economy into closer proximity with that of the Western world, with mutualistic goals in terrorism prevention providing the impetus. European Union With exception of agriculture, economic and trade barriers between the European Union and Switzerland are minimal. In the wake of the Swiss voters' rejection of the European Economic Area Agreement in 1992, the Swiss Government set its sights on negotiating bilateral economic agreements with the EU. Four years of negotiations culminated in Bilaterals, a cross-platform agreement covering seven sectors: research, public procurement, technical barriers to trade, agriculture, civil aviation, land transport, and the free movement of persons. Parliament officially endorsed the Bilaterals in 1999 and it was approved by general referendum in May 2000. The agreements, which were then ratified by the European Parliament and the legislatures of its member states, entered into force on June 1, 2002. The Swiss government has since embarked on a second round of negotiations, caled the Bilaterals II, which will further strengthen the two organisations' economic ties. Switzerland has since brought most of their practices into conformity with European Union policies and norms in order to maximise the country's international competitiveness. While most of the EU policies are not contentious, police and judicial cooperation to international law enforcement and the taxation of savings are controversial, mainly because of possible side effects on bank secrecy. Swiss and EU finance ministers agreed in June 2003 that Swiss banks would levy a withholding tax on EU citizens' savings income. The tax would increase gradually to 35% by 2011, with 75% of the funds being transferred to the EU. Recent estimates value EU capital inflows to Switzerland to $8.3 billion. ---------------------- Pertanyaan mbak sudah terjawab "mana negara negara yang benar benar sukses"? Mau data data negara negara yang saya sebut makmur dan patut ditiru mbak? Kan katanya nggak ada negara yang beres? ini beres tu? Mbak mau kasih data data negara negara sanjungan mbak? Monggo? Salam statistik Danardono *************************************************************************** Berdikusi dg Santun & Elegan, dg Semangat Persahabatan. Menuju Indonesia yg Lebih Baik, in Commonality & Shared Destiny. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ppiindia *************************************************************************** __________________________________________________________________________ Mohon Perhatian: 1. Harap tdk. memposting/reply yg menyinggung SARA (kecuali sbg otokritik) 2. Pesan yg akan direply harap dihapus, kecuali yg akan dikomentari. 3. Reading only, http://dear.to/ppi 4. 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