adakah kemungkinan besar ternd ini akan melanda semua negara maju dan
berkembang ??
atau mungkin juga akan menjadi trend yang paling di nantikan tanggal mainnya di
indonesia, mengingat jumla wanita yang masih diatas jumlah laki2...
salam hangat
/Lu2
imuchtarom <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
Terkejut juga saya membaca artikel mengenai trend
sosial dalam masyarakat di India yang lebih mirip
cerita wayang dalam Mahabharata ...
Trend demorafi yang sudah umum kita dengar adalah
kecenderungan menurunnya angka kelahiran, karena
masyarakat 'modern' di mana-mana makin cenderung
tidak ingin di'repot'kan dengan anak. Trend demografi
lain yang juga jamak adalah biasanya usia harapan
hidup wanita lebih tinggi dibanding pria.
Soal 'gender preferensi', bahwa pasangan yang baru
menikah umumnya mengharapkan anak pertamanya ber
gender laki-laki juga sudah merupakan hal yang
lumrah - tapi itu tidak sampai mengakibatkan
'penolakan' terhadap lahirnya bayi perempuan.
Praktek aborsi, karena suatu kelahiran yang tidak
di-inginkan terjadi di berbagai negara. Tetapi
praktek aborsi yang motifnya karena tidak ingin
punya anak perempuan - sebagai suatu 'trend' -
rasanya baru saya dengar terjadi di India,
berdasarkan kajian dari PBB, menurut berita
di bawah ini.
Praktek tsb. dikhawatirkan akan menimbulkan
ketimpangan komposisi demografi: jumlah wanita
lebih sedikit dibanding jumlah pria ==> "demand"
terhadap wanita akan naik. Tapi berbeda dengan
*-komoditi-*, kurangnya supply wanita tidak
akan menyebabkan "harga wanita" menjadi naik,
tetapi malah bisa menimbulkan tindak kekerasan
terhadap mereka ...
Hal lain yang juga dikhawatirkan adalah terjadinya
praktek 'poliandri' alias 'berbagi isteri'. Jadi
apakah memang kisah *-berbagi isteri-* antara sesama
saudara yang ada di dalam cerita wayang/Mahabharata
itu memang dilatar belakangi budaya yang memang
benar-benar ada di India?
---( IM )------------
--------------------------------------------------
Rise in India's female feticide may spark crisis
--------------------------------------------------
By Nita Bhalla
Fri Aug 31, 2:17 AM ET
NEW DELHI (Reuters) - Increasing female feticide in
India could spark a demographic crisis where fewer
women in society will result in a rise in sexual
violence and child abuse as well as wife-sharing,
the United Nations warned.
Despite laws banning tests to determine the sex of
an unborn child, the killing of female fetuses is
common in some regions of India where a preference
for sons runs deep.
As a result, the United Nations says an estimated
2,000 unborn girls are illegally aborted every day
in India.
This has led to skewed sex ratios in regions like
Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh as
well as the capital, New Delhi, where a census in
2001 showed there are less than 800 girls for every
1,000 boys.
"The 2001 census was a wake-up call for all of us
and much public awareness have been created on female
feticide since then," Ena Singh, assistant representative
for the United Nations Population Fund in India told
Reuters.
"But initial figures show sex ratios are still declining
as female feticide is becoming more widespread across the
country and it is likely to be worse in the next census in
2011."
In most parts of India, sons are viewed as breadwinners
who will look after their parents and carry on the family
name, but daughters are viewed as financial liabilities
for whom they will have to pay substantial dowries to get
married off.
DEMOGRAPHIC CRISIS?
Activists say female feticide is rising because of the
availability of technologies like ultrasonography and
amniocentesis to determine the gender of fetuses at the
request of the parents.
If the fetus is found to be a girl, it is aborted.
As a result, the government says around 10 million
girls have been killed by their parents -- either
before or immediately after birth -- over the past
20 years.
Experts warn that fewer women will spark a demographic
crisis in many parts of country.
"There already is this phenomenon all over the country
where there is a lot of sexual violence and abuse against
women and children across the country," said Ranjana
Kumari, director of the Centre for Social Research, a
New Delhi based think-tank.
"But when there are less women in the population and more
men of the same age group, there is certainly going to be
much more demand for women for marriage, for sex and this
pressure will certainly increase violence against women."
Experts say practices such as polyandry -- where several
men, often brothers, share the same wife are already
emerging in areas where there are fewer women.
Brides are also now being sold and trafficked by their
parents to areas like Haryana and Punjab where bachelors
are being forced to look beyond their own culture, caste
and social grouping to find a wife.
Activists say these women have to adapt to an alien culture
with a different language, diet, and social norms and are
often treated as second-class citizens by the community who
view their value based on their ability to produce male off-
spring.
"There is this myth that fewer women will give them better
status in society but this is a fallacy," said activist Sabu
George.
"Women in India are already being treated as commodities
to be bought and sold and their plight will worsen as sex
ratios continue to decline."
---------------------------------
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