frankgh commented on code in PR #201:
URL: https://github.com/apache/cassandra-sidecar/pull/201#discussion_r1980300064


##########
conf/sidecar.yaml:
##########
@@ -193,6 +197,17 @@ access_control:
         #
         # other options are, 
io.vertx.ext.auth.mtls.impl.SpiffeIdentityExtractor.
         certificate_identity_extractor: 
org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.acl.authentication.CassandraIdentityExtractor
+      # JwtAuthenticationHandlerFactory adds support to authenticate users 
with their JWT tokens. It also includes
+      # supports for OpenID discovery.
+    - class_name: 
org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.acl.authentication.JwtAuthenticationHandlerFactory
+      parameters:
+        # Site for sidecar to dynamically retrieve the configuration 
information of an OpenID provider, without
+        # having to manually configure settings like issuer etc.
+        site: https://authorization.com
+        # Client Id is a unique identifier assigned by OpenID provider. It is 
used to identity applications/users
+        # trying to connect.
+        client_id: recognized_client_id
+        config_discover_interval: 1m

Review Comment:
   I think this is running too frequently. I suggest a default of 1 hour 
instead. What do you think?
   ```suggestion
           config_discover_interval: 1h
   ```



##########
server/src/main/java/org/apache/cassandra/sidecar/acl/authentication/JwtParameterExtractor.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.acl.authentication;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import 
org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.common.server.utils.SecondBoundConfiguration;
+
+import static org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.common.utils.StringUtils.isNotEmpty;
+import static 
org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.common.utils.StringUtils.isNullOrEmpty;
+
+/**
+ * {@link JwtParameterExtractor} parses necessary JWT configuration from 
parameters passed during authenticator setup.
+ */
+public class JwtParameterExtractor
+{
+    protected static final String SITE_SUFFIX = 
"/.well-known/openid-configuration";
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(JwtParameterExtractor.class);
+    private static final String SITE_PARAM_KEY = "site";
+    private static final String CLIENT_ID_PARAM_KEY = "client_id";
+    private static final String SCOPE_SEPARATOR_PARAM_KEY = "scope_separator";
+    private static final String DEFAULT_SCOPE_SEPARATOR = ",";
+    private static final String SCOPES_SUPPORTED_PARAM_KEY = 
"scopes_supported";
+    private static final String CONFIG_DISCOVER_INTERVAL_PARAM_KEY = 
"config_discover_interval";
+    private static final SecondBoundConfiguration 
DEFAULT_CONFIG_DISCOVER_INTERVAL
+    = SecondBoundConfiguration.parse("1m");
+
+    private final String site;
+    private final String clientId;
+    private final SecondBoundConfiguration configDiscoverInterval;
+    private final List<String> scopes;
+
+    public JwtParameterExtractor(Map<String, String> parameters)
+    {
+        validate(parameters);
+        this.site = removeSiteSuffix(parameters);
+        this.clientId = parameters.get(CLIENT_ID_PARAM_KEY);
+        this.scopes = buildScopes(parameters);
+        this.configDiscoverInterval = 
parameters.containsKey(CONFIG_DISCOVER_INTERVAL_PARAM_KEY)
+                                      ? 
SecondBoundConfiguration.parse(parameters.get(CONFIG_DISCOVER_INTERVAL_PARAM_KEY))
+                                      : DEFAULT_CONFIG_DISCOVER_INTERVAL;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return site to dynamically retrieve the configuration information of 
an OpenID provider
+     */
+    public String site()
+    {
+        return site;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return clientId is a unique identifier used to identity 
applications/users
+     */
+    public String clientId()
+    {
+        return clientId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return scopes granted to a user
+     */
+    public List<String> scopes()
+    {
+        return scopes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return interval at which {@link 
io.vertx.ext.auth.oauth2.providers.OpenIDConnectAuth} discover is called to
+     * dynamically retrieve configuration information of an OpenID provider.
+     */
+    public SecondBoundConfiguration configDiscoverInterval()
+    {
+        return configDiscoverInterval;
+    }
+
+    private void validate(Map<String, String> parameters)
+    {
+        if (parameters == null)
+        {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("JWT parameters can not be 
null");
+        }
+
+        validateParameterPresence(parameters, SITE_PARAM_KEY);
+        validateParameterPresence(parameters, CLIENT_ID_PARAM_KEY);
+    }
+
+    private void validateParameterPresence(Map<String, String> parameters, 
String paramKey)
+    {
+        if (!parameters.containsKey(paramKey) || 
isNullOrEmpty(parameters.get(paramKey)))

Review Comment:
   minor NIT, no need to check if it doesn't contain. doing a get should be 
sufficient
   ```suggestion
           if (isNullOrEmpty(parameters.get(paramKey)))
   ```



##########
server/src/main/java/org/apache/cassandra/sidecar/acl/authentication/JwtParameterExtractor.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.acl.authentication;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import 
org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.common.server.utils.SecondBoundConfiguration;
+
+import static org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.common.utils.StringUtils.isNotEmpty;
+import static 
org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.common.utils.StringUtils.isNullOrEmpty;
+
+/**
+ * {@link JwtParameterExtractor} parses necessary JWT configuration from 
parameters passed during authenticator setup.
+ */
+public class JwtParameterExtractor
+{
+    protected static final String SITE_SUFFIX = 
"/.well-known/openid-configuration";
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(JwtParameterExtractor.class);
+    private static final String SITE_PARAM_KEY = "site";
+    private static final String CLIENT_ID_PARAM_KEY = "client_id";
+    private static final String SCOPE_SEPARATOR_PARAM_KEY = "scope_separator";
+    private static final String DEFAULT_SCOPE_SEPARATOR = ",";
+    private static final String SCOPES_SUPPORTED_PARAM_KEY = 
"scopes_supported";
+    private static final String CONFIG_DISCOVER_INTERVAL_PARAM_KEY = 
"config_discover_interval";
+    private static final SecondBoundConfiguration 
DEFAULT_CONFIG_DISCOVER_INTERVAL
+    = SecondBoundConfiguration.parse("1m");

Review Comment:
   Can this be 1 hour instead?



##########
server/src/main/java/org/apache/cassandra/sidecar/acl/authentication/ReloadingJwtAuthenticationHandler.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.acl.authentication;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import io.vertx.core.AsyncResult;
+import io.vertx.core.Future;
+import io.vertx.core.Handler;
+import io.vertx.core.Promise;
+import io.vertx.core.Vertx;
+import io.vertx.core.json.JsonObject;
+import io.vertx.ext.auth.User;
+import io.vertx.ext.auth.authentication.AuthenticationProvider;
+import io.vertx.ext.auth.oauth2.OAuth2Options;
+import io.vertx.ext.auth.oauth2.providers.OpenIDConnectAuth;
+import io.vertx.ext.web.RoutingContext;
+import io.vertx.ext.web.handler.HttpException;
+import io.vertx.ext.web.handler.impl.AuthenticationHandlerImpl;
+import io.vertx.ext.web.handler.impl.OAuth2AuthHandlerImpl;
+import org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.common.server.utils.DurationSpec;
+import org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.tasks.PeriodicTask;
+import org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.tasks.PeriodicTaskExecutor;
+
+import static 
io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE;
+import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.UNAUTHORIZED;
+import static 
org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.utils.AuthUtils.CASSANDRA_ROLES_ATTRIBUTE_NAME;
+import static 
org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.utils.AuthUtils.CASSANDRA_ROLE_SPLITTER;
+
+/**
+ * {@link ReloadingJwtAuthenticationHandler} validates JWT token of a user. It 
handles periodically calling
+ * {@link OpenIDConnectAuth} discover to fetch latest configuration and 
handles reloading {@link OAuth2AuthHandlerImpl}.
+ * It can be chained with other {@link 
io.vertx.ext.web.handler.AuthenticationHandler} implementations.
+ */
+public class ReloadingJwtAuthenticationHandler
+extends 
AuthenticationHandlerImpl<ReloadingJwtAuthenticationHandler.NoOpAuthenticationProvider>
+{
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(ReloadingJwtAuthenticationHandler.class);
+
+    AtomicReference<OAuth2AuthHandlerImpl> delegateHandler = new 
AtomicReference<>();
+
+    private final Vertx vertx;
+    private final JwtParameterExtractor jwtParameterExtractor;
+    private final JwtRoleProcessor roleProcessor;
+
+    public ReloadingJwtAuthenticationHandler(Vertx vertx,
+                                             JwtParameterExtractor 
jwtParameterExtractor,
+                                             JwtRoleProcessor roleProcessor,
+                                             PeriodicTaskExecutor 
periodicTaskExecutor)
+    {
+        super(NoOpAuthenticationProvider.INSTANCE);
+        this.vertx = vertx;
+        this.jwtParameterExtractor = jwtParameterExtractor;
+        this.roleProcessor = roleProcessor;
+
+        periodicTaskExecutor.schedule(new OAuth2AuthHandlerGenerateTask());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void authenticate(RoutingContext context, 
Handler<AsyncResult<User>> handler)
+    {
+        OAuth2AuthHandlerImpl oAuth2AuthHandler = delegateHandler.get();
+        if (oAuth2AuthHandler == null)
+        {
+            handler.handle(Future.failedFuture(new 
HttpException(SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE.code(),
+                                                                 "JWT 
authentication handler unavailable")));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        oAuth2AuthHandler.authenticate(context, authN -> {
+            if (authN.failed())
+            {
+                handler.handle(Future.failedFuture(new 
HttpException(UNAUTHORIZED.code(), authN.cause())));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            User user = authN.result();
+            JsonObject decodedToken = 
user.attributes().containsKey("accessToken")
+                                      ? 
user.attributes().getJsonObject("accessToken")
+                                      : 
user.attributes().getJsonObject("idToken");
+
+            if (decodedToken == null)
+            {
+                handler.handle(Future.failedFuture(new 
HttpException(UNAUTHORIZED.code(),
+                                                                     "Could 
not process decoded JWT token")));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                List<String> roles = roleProcessor.processRoles(decodedToken);
+                if (!roles.isEmpty())
+                {
+                    user.attributes().put(CASSANDRA_ROLES_ATTRIBUTE_NAME, 
String.join(CASSANDRA_ROLE_SPLITTER, roles));
+                }
+                handler.handle(Future.succeededFuture(user));
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                LOGGER.debug("Error processing cassandra role from JWT token", 
e);
+                handler.handle(Future.failedFuture(new 
HttpException(UNAUTHORIZED.code(),
+                                                                     "Error 
processing cassandra role from token")));
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@link NoOpAuthenticationProvider} is used in {@link 
ReloadingJwtAuthenticationHandler}.
+     * {@link ReloadingJwtAuthenticationHandler} delegates authenticating user 
to delegate handler.
+     * Hence it uses no op authentication provider
+     */
+    protected static class NoOpAuthenticationProvider implements 
AuthenticationProvider
+    {
+        public static final NoOpAuthenticationProvider INSTANCE = new 
NoOpAuthenticationProvider();
+
+        private NoOpAuthenticationProvider()
+        {
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void authenticate(JsonObject credentials, 
Handler<AsyncResult<User>> resultHandler)
+        {
+            resultHandler.handle(Future.succeededFuture());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Periodic task to generate {@link OAuth2AuthHandlerImpl} with refreshed 
configuration from
+     * {@link OpenIDConnectAuth} discover.
+     */
+    private class OAuth2AuthHandlerGenerateTask implements PeriodicTask
+    {
+        public DurationSpec delay()
+        {
+            return jwtParameterExtractor.configDiscoverInterval();
+        }
+
+        public void execute(Promise<Void> promise)

Review Comment:
   ```suggestion
           @Override
           public void execute(Promise<Void> promise)
   ```



##########
server/src/main/java/org/apache/cassandra/sidecar/acl/authorization/RoleBasedAuthorizationProvider.java:
##########
@@ -64,29 +59,28 @@ public void getAuthorizations(User user, 
Handler<AsyncResult<Void>> handler)
     @Override
     public Future<Void> getAuthorizations(User user)
     {
-        List<String> identities = extractIdentities(user);
+        List<String> roles = extractCassandraRoles(user);
 
-        if (identities.isEmpty())
+        if (roles.isEmpty())
         {
-            return Future.failedFuture("Missing client identities");
+            return Future.failedFuture("No cassandra roles found associated 
with the user");
         }
 
-        Set<Authorization> authorizations = new HashSet<>();
-        for (String identity : identities)
+        for (String role : roles)

Review Comment:
   can role be null? I'm referring to the check in line 71.  I guess it's fine 
to have the check, but it feels that it would be an error to return null



##########
server/src/main/java/org/apache/cassandra/sidecar/acl/authentication/JwtRoleProcessorImpl.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.acl.authentication;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import io.vertx.core.json.JsonObject;
+import org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.acl.IdentityToRoleCache;
+
+/**
+ * {@link JwtRoleProcessor} implementation.
+ */
+public class JwtRoleProcessorImpl implements JwtRoleProcessor
+{
+    private static final String SUB_KEY = "sub";
+    private static final String IDENTITY_KEY = "identity";
+    private static final String IDENTITIES_KEY = "identities";
+    private final IdentityToRoleCache identityToRoleCache;
+
+    public JwtRoleProcessorImpl(IdentityToRoleCache identityToRoleCache)
+    {
+        this.identityToRoleCache = identityToRoleCache;
+    }
+
+    public List<String> processRoles(JsonObject decodedToken)

Review Comment:
   ```suggestion
       @Override
       public List<String> processRoles(JsonObject decodedToken)
   ```



##########
server/src/main/java/org/apache/cassandra/sidecar/acl/authentication/ReloadingJwtAuthenticationHandler.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.acl.authentication;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import io.vertx.core.AsyncResult;
+import io.vertx.core.Future;
+import io.vertx.core.Handler;
+import io.vertx.core.Promise;
+import io.vertx.core.Vertx;
+import io.vertx.core.json.JsonObject;
+import io.vertx.ext.auth.User;
+import io.vertx.ext.auth.authentication.AuthenticationProvider;
+import io.vertx.ext.auth.oauth2.OAuth2Options;
+import io.vertx.ext.auth.oauth2.providers.OpenIDConnectAuth;
+import io.vertx.ext.web.RoutingContext;
+import io.vertx.ext.web.handler.HttpException;
+import io.vertx.ext.web.handler.impl.AuthenticationHandlerImpl;
+import io.vertx.ext.web.handler.impl.OAuth2AuthHandlerImpl;
+import org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.common.server.utils.DurationSpec;
+import org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.tasks.PeriodicTask;
+import org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.tasks.PeriodicTaskExecutor;
+
+import static 
io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE;
+import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.UNAUTHORIZED;
+import static 
org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.utils.AuthUtils.CASSANDRA_ROLES_ATTRIBUTE_NAME;
+import static 
org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.utils.AuthUtils.CASSANDRA_ROLE_SPLITTER;
+
+/**
+ * {@link ReloadingJwtAuthenticationHandler} validates JWT token of a user. It 
handles periodically calling
+ * {@link OpenIDConnectAuth} discover to fetch latest configuration and 
handles reloading {@link OAuth2AuthHandlerImpl}.
+ * It can be chained with other {@link 
io.vertx.ext.web.handler.AuthenticationHandler} implementations.
+ */
+public class ReloadingJwtAuthenticationHandler
+extends 
AuthenticationHandlerImpl<ReloadingJwtAuthenticationHandler.NoOpAuthenticationProvider>
+{
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(ReloadingJwtAuthenticationHandler.class);
+
+    AtomicReference<OAuth2AuthHandlerImpl> delegateHandler = new 
AtomicReference<>();
+
+    private final Vertx vertx;
+    private final JwtParameterExtractor jwtParameterExtractor;
+    private final JwtRoleProcessor roleProcessor;
+
+    public ReloadingJwtAuthenticationHandler(Vertx vertx,
+                                             JwtParameterExtractor 
jwtParameterExtractor,
+                                             JwtRoleProcessor roleProcessor,
+                                             PeriodicTaskExecutor 
periodicTaskExecutor)
+    {
+        super(NoOpAuthenticationProvider.INSTANCE);
+        this.vertx = vertx;
+        this.jwtParameterExtractor = jwtParameterExtractor;
+        this.roleProcessor = roleProcessor;
+
+        periodicTaskExecutor.schedule(new OAuth2AuthHandlerGenerateTask());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void authenticate(RoutingContext context, 
Handler<AsyncResult<User>> handler)
+    {
+        OAuth2AuthHandlerImpl oAuth2AuthHandler = delegateHandler.get();
+        if (oAuth2AuthHandler == null)
+        {
+            handler.handle(Future.failedFuture(new 
HttpException(SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE.code(),
+                                                                 "JWT 
authentication handler unavailable")));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        oAuth2AuthHandler.authenticate(context, authN -> {
+            if (authN.failed())
+            {
+                handler.handle(Future.failedFuture(new 
HttpException(UNAUTHORIZED.code(), authN.cause())));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            User user = authN.result();
+            JsonObject decodedToken = 
user.attributes().containsKey("accessToken")
+                                      ? 
user.attributes().getJsonObject("accessToken")
+                                      : 
user.attributes().getJsonObject("idToken");
+
+            if (decodedToken == null)
+            {
+                handler.handle(Future.failedFuture(new 
HttpException(UNAUTHORIZED.code(),
+                                                                     "Could 
not process decoded JWT token")));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                List<String> roles = roleProcessor.processRoles(decodedToken);
+                if (!roles.isEmpty())
+                {
+                    user.attributes().put(CASSANDRA_ROLES_ATTRIBUTE_NAME, 
String.join(CASSANDRA_ROLE_SPLITTER, roles));
+                }
+                handler.handle(Future.succeededFuture(user));
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                LOGGER.debug("Error processing cassandra role from JWT token", 
e);
+                handler.handle(Future.failedFuture(new 
HttpException(UNAUTHORIZED.code(),
+                                                                     "Error 
processing cassandra role from token")));
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@link NoOpAuthenticationProvider} is used in {@link 
ReloadingJwtAuthenticationHandler}.
+     * {@link ReloadingJwtAuthenticationHandler} delegates authenticating user 
to delegate handler.
+     * Hence it uses no op authentication provider
+     */
+    protected static class NoOpAuthenticationProvider implements 
AuthenticationProvider
+    {
+        public static final NoOpAuthenticationProvider INSTANCE = new 
NoOpAuthenticationProvider();
+
+        private NoOpAuthenticationProvider()
+        {
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void authenticate(JsonObject credentials, 
Handler<AsyncResult<User>> resultHandler)
+        {
+            resultHandler.handle(Future.succeededFuture());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Periodic task to generate {@link OAuth2AuthHandlerImpl} with refreshed 
configuration from
+     * {@link OpenIDConnectAuth} discover.
+     */
+    private class OAuth2AuthHandlerGenerateTask implements PeriodicTask
+    {
+        public DurationSpec delay()

Review Comment:
   ```suggestion
           @Override
           public DurationSpec delay()
   ```



##########
server/src/main/java/org/apache/cassandra/sidecar/acl/authentication/JwtRoleProcessorImpl.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.acl.authentication;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import io.vertx.core.json.JsonObject;
+import org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.acl.IdentityToRoleCache;
+
+/**
+ * {@link JwtRoleProcessor} implementation.
+ */
+public class JwtRoleProcessorImpl implements JwtRoleProcessor
+{
+    private static final String SUB_KEY = "sub";
+    private static final String IDENTITY_KEY = "identity";
+    private static final String IDENTITIES_KEY = "identities";
+    private final IdentityToRoleCache identityToRoleCache;
+
+    public JwtRoleProcessorImpl(IdentityToRoleCache identityToRoleCache)
+    {
+        this.identityToRoleCache = identityToRoleCache;
+    }
+
+    public List<String> processRoles(JsonObject decodedToken)
+    {
+        if (!decodedToken.containsKey(SUB_KEY)
+            && !decodedToken.containsKey(IDENTITY_KEY)
+            && !decodedToken.containsKey(IDENTITIES_KEY))
+        {
+            return List.of();
+        }
+
+        String role = null;
+        if (decodedToken.containsKey(SUB_KEY))
+        {
+            role = identityToRoleCache.get(decodedToken.getString(SUB_KEY));
+        }
+
+        if (decodedToken.containsKey(IDENTITY_KEY))
+        {
+            role = 
identityToRoleCache.get(decodedToken.getString(IDENTITY_KEY));
+        }
+
+        if (role != null)
+        {
+            return List.of(role);
+        }
+
+        List<String> identities = 
decodedToken.getJsonArray(IDENTITIES_KEY).getList();
+        List<String> roles = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (String identity : identities)
+        {
+            String roleFromIdentity = identityToRoleCache.get(identity);
+            if (roleFromIdentity != null)
+            {
+                roles.add(roleFromIdentity);
+            }
+        }
+        return roles;

Review Comment:
   ```suggestion
                   String role;
           if ((role = decodedToken.getString(IDENTITY_KEY)) != null)
           {
               return List.of(role);
           }
           if ((role = decodedToken.getString(SUB_KEY)) != null)
           {
               return List.of(role);
           }
   
           JsonArray identityKeyArray = 
decodedToken.getJsonArray(IDENTITIES_KEY);
           List<String> roles = new ArrayList<>();
           if (identityKeyArray != null)
           {
               for (String identity : (List<String>) identityKeyArray.getList())
               {
                   String roleFromIdentity = identityToRoleCache.get(identity);
                   if (roleFromIdentity != null)
                   {
                       roles.add(roleFromIdentity);
                   }
               }
           }
           return List.copyOf(roles);
   ```



##########
server/src/test/java/org/apache/cassandra/sidecar/acl/authentication/ReloadingJwtAuthenticationHandlerTest.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.acl.authentication;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import io.vertx.core.Vertx;
+import io.vertx.ext.web.RoutingContext;
+import org.apache.cassandra.sidecar.tasks.PeriodicTaskExecutor;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doNothing;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+/**
+ * Test for {@link ReloadingJwtAuthenticationHandler}
+ */
+class ReloadingJwtAuthenticationHandlerTest
+{
+    Vertx vertx = Vertx.vertx();

Review Comment:
   close the resource after the test completes.



##########
server/src/main/java/org/apache/cassandra/sidecar/acl/authentication/MutualTlsAuthenticationHandler.java:
##########
@@ -54,6 +68,39 @@ public void authenticate(RoutingContext ctx, 
Handler<AsyncResult<User>> handler)
                     .recover(cause -> { // converts any exception to 
unauthorized http exception
                         throw new 
HttpException(HttpResponseStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.code(), cause);
                     })
-                    .andThen(handler);
+                    .andThen(authN-> {
+                        if (authN.failed())
+                        {
+                            handler.handle(Future.failedFuture(new 
HttpException(UNAUTHORIZED.code(), authN.cause())));
+                            return;
+                        }
+
+                        List<String> identities = 
extractIdentities(authN.result());
+
+                        if (identities.isEmpty())
+                        {
+                            handler.handle(Future.failedFuture("Missing client 
identities"));

Review Comment:
   maybe preserve the prior status code?
   ```suggestion
                               
handler.handle(Future.failedFuture(wrapHttpException(HttpResponseStatus.FORBIDDEN,
 "Client identities are missing")));
   ```



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