Sekedar inforamsi.. http://www.tumblr.com/tagged/biologi?before=1341779562
--- In [email protected], "bukan.pedanda" <bukan.pedanda@...> wrote: > > > Goblok... > > Jadi pertama, al-Mushaf itu ngutip Galen dan selebihnya ngaco... > > > --- In [email protected], "Tawangalun" <tawangalun@> wrote: > > > > Sebaiknya dicounter dg pakar Embryology Toronto ini: > > > > Keith L. Moore, Ph.D., F.I.A.C. > > The Department of Anatomy, University of Toronto, Canada. > > Address all correspondence to: > > Keith L. Moore, Ph.D, F.I.A.C., Professor of Anatomy and Associate Dean > > Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, > > Ontario M55 IAB, Canada > > > > > > > > Statements referring to human reproduction and development are scattered > > throughout the Qur'an. It is only recently that the scientific meaning > > of some of these verses has been appreciated fully. The long delay in > > interpreting these verses correctly resulted mainly from inaccurate > > translations and commentaries and from a lack of awareness of scientific > > knowledge. > > > > Interest in explanations of the verses of the Qur'an is not new. People > > used to ask the prophet Muhammad all sorts of questions about the > > meaning of verses referring to human reproduction. The Apostle's answers > > form the basis of the Hadith literature. > > > > The translations(*) <http://www.islam101.com/science/embryo.html#trans> > > of the verses from the Qur'an which are interpreted in this paper were > > provided by Sheik Abdul Majid Zendani, a Professor of Islamic Studies > > inKing Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. > > "He makes you in the wombs of your mothers in stages, one after another, > > in three veils of darkness." > > This statement is from Sura 39:6 > > <http://qibla.msa.upenn.edu/alim_online/yali_trans/ya39-1.htm> . We do > > not know when it was realized that human beings underwent development in > > the uterus (womb), but the first known illustration of a fetus in the > > uterus was drawn by Leonardo da Vinci in the 15th century. In the 2nd > > century A.D., Galen described the placenta and fetal membranes in his > > book"On The Formation of the Foetus." Consequently, doctors in the 7th > > century A.D. likely knew that the human embryo developed in the uterus. > > It is unlikely that they knew that it developed in stages, even though > > Aristotle had described the stages of development of the chick embryo in > > the 4th century B.C. The realization that the human embryo develops in > > stages was not discussed and illustrated until the 15th century. > > > > After the microscope was discovered in the 17th century by Leeuwenhoek > > descriptions were made of the early stages of the chick embryo. The > > staging of human embryos was not described until the 20th century. > > Streeter (1941) developed the first system of staging which has now been > > replaced by a more accurate system proposed by O'Rahilly (1972). > > > > "The three veils of darkness" may refer to: (l) the anterior abdominal > > wall; (2) the uterine wall; and (3) the amniochorionic membrane (Fig. > > 1). Although there are other interpretations of this statement, the one > > presented here seems the most logical from an embryological point of > > view. > > > > Figure 1. Drawing of a sagittal section of a female's abdomen and pelvis > > showing a fetus in utero. The "veils of darkness" are: (1) the anterior > > abdominal wall; (2) the uterine wall, and (3) the amniochorionic > > membrane. > > > > "Then We placed him as a drop in a place of rest."This statement is from > > Sura 23:13 > > <http://qibla.msa.upenn.edu/alim_online/yali_trans/ya23-1.htm> . The > > drop or nutfah has been interpreted as the sperm or spermatozoon, but a > > more meaningful interpretation would be the zygote which divides to form > > a blastocyst which is implanted in the uterus ("a place of rest"). This > > interpretation is supported by another verse in the Qur'an which states > > that "a human being is created from a mixed drop." The zygote forms by > > the union of a mixture of the sperm and the ovum ("The mixed > > drop")."Then We made the drop into a leech-like structure."This > > statement is from Sura 23:14 > > <http://qibla.msa.upenn.edu/alim_online/yali_trans/ya23-1.htm> . The > > word "alaqah" refers to a leech or bloodsucker. This is an appropriate > > description of the human embryo from days 7-24 when it clings to the > > endometrium of the uterus, in the same way that a leech clings to the > > skin. Just as the leech derives blood from the host, the human embryo > > derives blood from the decidua or pregnant endometrium. It is remarkable > > how much the embryo of 23-24 days resembles a leech (Fig. 2). As there > > were no microscopes or lenses available in the 7th century, doctors > > would not have known that the human embryo had this leech-like > > appearance. In the early part of the fourth week, the embryo is just > > visible to the unaided eye because it is smaller than a kernel of wheat. > > > > Figure 2. Top, a drawing of a leech or bloodsucker. > > Below, a drawing of a 24 day-old human embryo. Note the leech-like > > appearance of the human embryo at this stage.Figure 3. Left, a > > plasticine model of the human embryo which has the appearance of chewed > > flesh. > > Right, a drawing of a 28 day-old human embryo showing several bead-like > > somites which resemble the teeth marks in the model shown to the left. > > > > "Then of that leech-like structure, We made a chewed lump."This > > statement is also from Sura 23:14 > > <http://qibla.msa.upenn.edu/alim_online/yali_trans/ya23-1.htm> . The > > Arabic word "mudghah" means "chewed substance or chewed lump." Toward > > the end of the fourth week, the human embryo looks somewhat like a > > chewed lump of flesh (Fig. 3). The chewed appearance results from the > > somites which resemble teeth marks. The somites represent the beginnings > > or primordia of the vertebrae."Then We made out of the chewed lump, > > bones, and clothed the bones in flesh." This continuation of Sura 23:14 > > <http://qibla.msa.upenn.edu/alim_online/yali_trans/ya23-1.htm> > > indicates that out of the chewed lump stage, bones and muscles form. > > This is in accordance with embryological development. First the bones > > form as cartilage models and then the muscles (flesh) develop around > > them from the somatic mesoderm."Then We developed out of it another > > creature."This next part of Sura 23:14 > > <http://qibla.msa.upenn.edu/alim_online/yali_trans/ya23-1.htm> implies > > that the bones and muscles result in the formation of another creature. > > This may refer to the human-like embryo that forms by the end of the > > eighth week. At this stage it has distinctive human characteristics and > > possesses the primordia of all the internal and external organs and > > parts. After the eighth week, the human embryo is called a fetus. This > > may be the new creature to which the verse refers."And He gave you > > hearing and sight and feeling and understanding."This part of Sura 32:9 > > <http://qibla.msa.upenn.edu/alim_online/yali_trans/ya32-1.htm> > > indicates that the special senses of hearing, seeing, and feeling > > develop in this order, which is true. The primordia of the internal ears > > appear before the beginning of the eyes, and the brain (the site of > > understanding) differentiates last."Then out of a piece of chewed flesh, > > partly formed and partly unformed."This part of Sura 22:5 > > <http://qibla.msa.upenn.edu/alim_online/yali_trans/ya22-1.htm> seems to > > indicate that the embryo is composed of both differentiated and > > undifferentiated tissues. For example, when the cartilage bones are > > differentiated, the embryonic connective tissue or mesenchyme around > > them is undifferentiated. It later differentiates into the muscles and > > ligaments attached to the bones."And We cause whom We will to rest in > > the wombs for an appointed term."This next part of Sura 22:5 > > <http://qibla.msa.upenn.edu/alim_online/yali_trans/ya22-1.htm> seems to > > imply that God determines which embryos will remain in the uterus until > > full term. It is well known that many embryos abort during the first > > month of development, and that only about 30% of zygotes that form, > > develop into fetuses that survive until birth. This verse has also been > > interpreted to mean that God determines whether the embryo will develop > > into a boy or girl. The interpretation of the verses in the Qur'an > > referring to human development would not have been possible in the 7th > > century A.D., or even a hundred years ago. We can interpret them now > > because the science of modern Embryology affords us new understanding. > > Undoubtedly there are other verses in the Qur'an related to human > > development that will be understood in the future as our knowledge > > increases. > > > > (*) Even though the translations of the verses of the Qur'an in the > > above paper were provided by Sheik Abdul Majid Zendani, the links to the > > translations in this page are fromYusuf Ali Qur'an Translation > > (http://qibla.msa.upenn.edu/alim_online/yali_trans/yasurahl.htm) > > presented by the Alim Online > > <http://qibla.msa.upenn.edu/alim_online/alimhome.htm> since Sheik > > Zendani's translation is not available on the internet. (MSA-UTK) > > > > Many thanks to Dr.Jamal Badawi who have brought this article to us. > > > > > > --- In [email protected], "Bukan Pedanda" <bukan.pedanda@> > > wrote: > > > > > > > > > Selanjutnya: > > > > > > > > http://www.faktailmiah.com/2010/08/27/perkembangan-embrio-manusia-sains-\ > > vs-mitologi.html > > > > > > --- In [email protected], "Bukan Pedanda" bukan.pedanda@ wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/proletar/message/210159 > > > > > > > > --- In [email protected], Gabriella Rantau <gkrantau@> wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > REZAMEUTIA menulis: gabby, mana ayat yang katanya manusia > > > > > berasal dari tanah di alkitab? katanya lu mau membahas al quran > > ama gw secara > > > > > scientific, tapi kok malahan ngacir? > > > > > � > > > > > payah dah... > > > > > another kristen cukimai.. > > > > > omongnya aja gede, sok ngajakin ngebahas quran secara scientific, > > > > > ternyata otaknya kopong. > > > > > gabyy, kalo lu cuman bisa copas doang mah mendingan lu ke > > > > > pinggir aja deh. udah banyak kristen dungu di milis ini yang > > kebisaannya cuman > > > > > copas, lu cuman nyampah doang. > > > > > � > > > > > Bang Reza, > > > > > aku sudah kirim beberapa ayat al Qurâan yg menyangkut > > sains. Anta lain: > > > > > � > > > > > 1.� � � Pertumbuhan > > > > > janin yg sangat klenik contekan teori Tabib Galen (c. 3centry AD). > > Jelas spt > > > > > Galen penulis ayat Qurân juga tidak menyadari bhw tanpa > > ikut sertanya sel-telor > > > > > perempuan (yg harus dibuahi oleh sperma) tidak mungkin terjadi > > janin. > > > > > 2.� � � Masih > > > > > mengenai pertmbuhan janin, Al Qurâan menyatakan bhw ada > > tahap pertumbuhan di > > > > > mana semua tulang-belulang, tengkorak sudah terbentuk tapi belon > > dililit oleh > > > > > daging dan kulit. Ini mah spt orang Baduy mendirikan tenda. > > > > > 3.� � � Mengenai > > > > > Allah berkenan menciptakan 7 langit (sorga) dan 7 bumi. Bukan > > lapisan tapi > > > > > bener2 tujuh planet bumi. Apa pakar planet dan semesta alam Islam > > sudah > > > > > menemukan 6 bumi lainnya? > > > > > 4.� � � Mnrt > > > > > Qurâan Allah mencegah agar bulan dan matahari tidak saling > > menyusul. Well, > > > > > orbit matahari dan bulan itu tidak sama. (Hanya kalo sama, > > se-orbit maka ada > > > > > kemungkin susul-menyusul). Orbit bulan dan orbit matahari itu bak > > trayek bis Merantama > > > > > (dlm kota) dan trayek bis malam antar propinsi. Keduanya tidak > > mungkin susul > > > > > menyusul. > > > > > 5.� � � Di > > > > > mana matahari tengggelam? Mnrt Al Qurâan matahari tenggelam > > di mata-air keruh > > > > > di ujung barat dari bumi. Untuk meyakinkan umat Islam penulis ayat > > juga > > > > > menyertakan keterangan bhw matahari terbenam itu pernah disaksikan > > oleh no less > > > > > a personage than Alexander the Great (=Zul Qarnain �" si > > Tanduk dua). Ada ayat > > > > > lain yg mengatakan bhw matahari terbenam nyungesep di bawah > > singgasana (kursi) > > > > > Allah dan menunggu izin Allah sebelum terbit lagi! > > > > > 6.� � � Mnrt > > > > > ayat scientific dari Al Qurâan dijelaskan bhw Allah > > menciptakan langit yg tidak > > > > > retak dan tidak disangga, ditopang tiang. Artinya mnrt > > Qurâan langit itu SOLID! > > > > > How scientific. > > > > > 7.� � � Mnrt > > > > > Qurâan Allah mencampakkan gunung2 ke permukaan bumi. Adapun > > tujuannya mnrt > > > > > allah supaya permukaan bumi tidak goyang (terkena gempa bumi). Ada > > 2 kesalahan sains > > > > > di pernyataan di atas. (i) Gunung2 termasuk gunung berapi itu > > muncul dari dalam > > > > > bumi (gerakan magma atau tabrakan antar continental shelves). (ii) > > Spt kita > > > > > ketahui di tempat yg banyak gunungnya cenderung rawan terserang > > gempa bumi. > > > > > Adanya magma yg ngocor keluar atau fractures/ faults karena > > tabrakan > > > > > continental shelves tsb. > > > > > � > > > > > Nah, > > > > > apakah 7 âfakta sainsâ mnrt Al Qurâan ini > > sesuai dengan modern scientific > > > > > knowledge atau berlainan? > > > > > � > > > > > Gabriella > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ________________________________ > > > > > From: rezameutia <rezameutia@> > > > > > To: [email protected] > > > > > Sent: Friday, 28 September 2012 11:04 PM > > > > > Subject: [proletar] Re: Fw: Japri > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > � > > > > > gabby, mana ayat yang katanya manusia berasal dari tanah di > > alkitab? > > > > > katanya lu mau membahas al quran ama gw secara scientific, tapi > > kok malahan ngacir? > > > > > > > > > > payah dah... > > > > > > > > > > another kristen cukimai... > > > > > > > > > > omongnya aja gede, sok ngajakin ngebahas quran secara scientific, > > ternyata otaknya kopong. > > > > > > > > > > gabyy, kalo lu cuman bisa copas doang mah mendingan lu ke pinggir > > aja deh. udah banyak kristen dungu di milis ini yang kebisaannya cuman > > copas, lu cuman nyampah doang. > > > > > > > > > > --- In [email protected], Gabriella Rantau <gkrantau@> > > wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > Tapi harus kita ingat bhw banyak pegawai negeri: bawahn dan > > atasan juga, yg masuk agama Islam karena diberitahu bhw kalo tidak kagak > > naik pangkat. Ini di Indonesia. di negara2 Islami spt Mesir, Pakistan, > > Iran, dst. kadang2 si mualaf diberi pilihan 'amsuk Islam' atawa > > 'digantung'. Sebagian yg diberi pilihan (adil, 'kan?!) mengatakan > > praktik ini juga dilakukan pd zaman permulaan Islam oleh tidak lain > > daripada Nabi Muhammad sendiri. > > > > > > > > > > > > Kalo anda ada peluang makan-angin ke Oman sebelum masuk kota ada > > gerbang megah. Di situ tertulsi dlm Bahasa Arab dan ada terjemahan > > Inggrisnya peringatan sbb. Kalau kamu (raja Kristen di sono dulu) dan > > sodara laki2mu menerima Islam, maka kedudukanmu akan selamat, kerajaanmu > > juga tidak akan kami serang. Sebaliknya kalau mau masup Islam maka > > tenang2 saya kerajaanmu akan tidak aku hancurkan. DASAR PREMAN! > > > > > > > > > > > > Berikut ini aku copy & paste 'peringatan & ajakan' yg disertai > > ancaman dari Nabi Junjungan. > > > > > > > > > > > > Gabriella > > > > > > > > > > > > Muhammadââ¬â¢s Letter to the King of ââ¬ËOman, > > Jaifer, and his Brother ââ¬ËAbd Al-Jalandi:[5] > > > > > > "In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most > > Merciful. > > > > > > From Muhammad bin ââ¬ËAbdullah to Jaifer and > > ââ¬ËAbd Al-Jalandi. > > > > > > Peace be upon him who follows true guidance; > > > > > > thereafter I invite both of you to the Call of Islam. Embrace > > Islam. > > > > > > Allâh has sent me as a Prophet to all His creatures in > > order that I may instil fear of Allâh in the hearts of His > > disobedient creatures so > > > > > > that there may be left no excuse for those who deny > > Allâh. If you two > > > > > > accept Islam, you will remain in command of your country; but > > if you > > > > > > refuse my Call, youââ¬â¢ve got to remember that all > > your possessions are > > > > > > perishable. My horsemen will appropriate your land, and my > > Prophethood > > > > > > will assume preponderance over your kingship." > > > > > > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] > > > ------------------------------------ Post message: [email protected] Subscribe : [email protected] Unsubscribe : [email protected] List owner : [email protected] Homepage : http://proletar.8m.com/Yahoo! Groups Links <*> To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/proletar/ <*> Your email settings: Individual Email | Traditional <*> To change settings online go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/proletar/join (Yahoo! 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