http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2007/sep/04/news.internet

Titan Rain - how Chinese hackers targeted Whitehall
· Foreign Office among departments hit
· Military involvement suspected

  a.. Richard Norton-Taylor 
  b.. The Guardian 
  c.. Wednesday September 5 2007 
 
Whitehall departments including the Foreign Office have suffered cyber attacks. 
Photograph: Sandy Stockwell/Corbis

Chinese hackers, some believed to be from the People's Liberation Army, have 
been attacking the computer networks of British government departments, the 
Guardian has learned.

The attackers have hit the network at the Foreign Office as well as those in 
other key departments, according to Whitehall officials.

The Ministry of Defence declined yesterday to say whether it had been hit. An 
incident last year that shut down part of the House of Commons computer system, 
initially believed to be by an individual, was discovered to be the work of an 
organised Chinese hacking group, officials said.

Security and defence officials are coy about what they know of specific 
attacks. However, they say several Whitehall departments have fallen victim to 
China's cyberwarriors. One expert described it as a "constant ongoing problem".

The disclosures came after reports that the Chinese military had hacked into a 
Pentagon military computer network in June. The Financial Times said American 
officials called it the most successful cyber attack on the US defence 
department.

Defence department officials confirmed that there had been a "detected 
penetration" of elements of the email system used by the network serving the 
office of Robert Gates, the US defence secretary. US officials were reported to 
have said that an investigation had discovered that the People's Liberation 
Army (PLA) was responsible.

The US gave the codename "Titan Rain" to the growing number of Chinese attacks, 
notably directed at the Pentagon but also hitting other US government 
departments, over the past few years.

The latest attack caused some minor administrative disruptions, but there had 
been no adverse impact on operations, an official said.

Angela Merkel, Germany's chancellor, is reported to have raised the issue of 
Chinese attacks on her government's computers during a visit to Beijing. 
Officials here declined to say whether the British government had raised the 
issue with the Chinese authorities.

Alex Neill, China expert and head of the Asia Security Programme at the Royal 
United Services Institute, Rusi, said cyber attacks by the Chinese had been 
going on for at least four years. He described the reported attack on the 
Pentagon as the "most flagrant and brazen to date".

He said such attacks reflected a new doctrine of the PLA described as "pressure 
point warfare" - the attacking of specific nodes to leave the adversary 
paralysed.

The incidents should be seen against the background of the forthcoming 17th 
Chinese Communist party congress, which could determine the next generation of 
leaders, and the PLA keen to flex its muscles, Mr Neill suggested.

The attacks on the Pentagon's computer system were described by Dr Sandra Bell, 
head of Rusi's homeland security department, as "very much a wake-up call". She 
added: "The Chinese see no difference between asymmetric warfare and 
conventional warfare".

Analysts have argued over the seriousness of the attacks, and China has 
officially denied responsibility. However, the latest attack was said by 
officials and analysts yesterday to be the most serious discovered so far.

Responsibility for advising government departments on how to protect their 
networks rests with MI5, GCHQ, and the Centre for the Protection of the 
National Infrastructure in the Cabinet Office.


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