Tapi kwalitas perawatan dan prevensi di Australia termasuk yang tinggi di dunia.
Layanannnya biasanya cepat (di Belanda sekarang ini untuk rawatan spesialis waktu tunggunya sering panjang). Soal santunan untuk orang tua yang baru datang ke Australia, kayaknya ada perubahan, karena mertua adik Marlene dapat santunan yang penuh walaupun datangnya ke Australia setelah dia berumur diatas umur pensiun, artinya dia tidak pernah membayar pajak sebelumnya di Australia. --- In [email protected], "Teddy S." <teddyr@...> wrote: > > Ada perbedaan dengan Australia. > Misalnya ibu saya yang belum berhak mendapat santunan pensiun (padahal tidak > pernah punya kontribusi apapun bagi Australia) karena persyaratannya sekarang > haruslah minimum 10 tahun sudah menjadi penduduk tetap. Ibu saya memegang dua > kartu, Medicare dan Commonwealth Seniors Health dengan tanpa membayar > sepeserpun juga. Sebaliknya ibu saya mendapat santunan kecil tiap caturwulan > yang langsung dikirimkan pada rekening bank beliau. Nama beliau juga saya > bisa pergunakan untuk mendapatkan potongan biaya pemakaian listrik. > > Sebaliknya saya yang masih bekerja harus membayar 'Medicare levy' dan > membayar asuransi pribadi dikarenakan jika tidak dilakukan untuk penghasilan > diatas batas tertentu akan dikenakan tambahan potongan. Dari pengeluaran > biaya asuransi pribadi tersebut, Pemerintah Australia mengembalikan lagi > sebesar 30% yang dihitung per tahun. Bagi saya, asuransi pribadi dipergunakan > untuk keperluan merawat gigi. > > > --- In [email protected], "Jusfiq" <kesayangan.allah@> wrote: > > > > > > Di negeri Belanda, ringkasnya seperti berikut.. > > > > http://www.justlanded.com/english/Netherlands/Netherlands-Guide/Health/Healthcare > > > > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_Netherlands > > > > Saya sendiri membayar premi yang hampir 200 sebulan euro, termasuk asuransi > > untuk gigi ditambah sekitar 170 euro tiap tahun "resiko pribadi" > > > > Kwalitas rawatan dan prevensi di negeri Belanda termasuk yang terbagus di > > Eropa. > > > > > > --- In [email protected], "Teddy S." <teddyr@> wrote: > > > > > > Cikal bakal Medicare (Medibank) memang dihasilkan oleh pemerintahan > > > Partai Buruh pada tahun 1975 dengan serikat-serikat buruh umumnya selalu > > > mendukung kebijakan-kebijakan Partai Buruh. > > > > > > Pada masa pemerintahan John Howard dari Partai Koalisi yang seperti > > > halnya Partai Republik di AS yang lebih mementingkan kepentingan > > > orang-orang kaya, dia pernah berusaha mengubah sistem Medicare lebih > > > kearah sistem di AS yang lebih banyak kearah asuransi pribadi. > > > > > > Perbandingan pengeluaran biaya kesehatan per kapita antara Australia dan > > > negara-negara lainnya ada dalam situs berikut di mana untuk Australia > > > jumlahnya termasuk paling kecil. > > > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicare_(Australia) > > > > > > > > > --- In [email protected], "Jusfiq" <kesayangan.allah@> wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > Australia, saya tahu, termasuk negeri yang punya jaminan sosial dan > > > > jaminan kesehatan yang aduhai... > > > > > > > > Dan ini karena Australia punya serikat buruh yang gigih menuntut > > > > keadilan sosial, seperti juga dibeberapa negeri Eropa. > > > > > > > > Saya perluas diskusi ini dan kembali ke Indonesia: > > > > > > > > Inilah salah satu kejahatan partai stalinis fascist PKI... > > > > > > > > mereka telah mematikan gerakan buruh di Indonesia dengan mendukung > > > > perampokan perusahaan Belanda di Indonesia (istilahnya nasionalisasi) > > > > dan menempatkan pemipin SOBSI menjadi direksi perusahaan yang dirampok > > > > itu untuk bersama-sama dengan serdadu memporak porandakan perusahaan > > > > itu. > > > > > > > > Ekonomi Indonesia karena itu berantakan dan serikat buruhpun semaput > > > > dan hingga sekarang belum bangkit kembali. > > > > > > > > Agar jelas: bila Indonesia itu hingga sekarang dedel duwel maka partai > > > > fascsist stalinis PKI itu ikut bertanggung jawab. > > > > > > > > > > > > --- In [email protected], "Teddy S." <teddyr@> wrote: > > > > > > > > > > AS memang jauh tertinggal dalam hal jaminan sosial dan kesehatan > > > > > dibandingkan dengan negara-negara industri lainnya, tapi persentasi > > > > > pajak yang mereka bayar juga terkecil bila dibandingkan dengan > > > > > persentasi pajak yang dibayar oleh orang-orang yang tinggal di > > > > > negara-negara maju di Eropa maupun Australia. Jelas tidak mungkin > > > > > memberikan jaminan sosial dan kesehatan yang aduhai dengan relatif > > > > > sedikitnya dana yang terkumpul dari para pembayar pajak. Bagi mereka > > > > > yang punya posisi tinggi di AS, perusahaan membayar asuransi > > > > > kesehatan mereka. Disamping itu jaminan sosial merupakan fungsi dari > > > > > besar gaji di mana semakin tinggi pendapatan sebelumnya, maka akan > > > > > semakin tinggi pula besar santunannya. Jadi untuk kelompok ini, > > > > > semuanya nyaman saja karena 'take home pay' jumlahnya besar dan tidak > > > > > keluar uang dari kantong sendiri untuk asuransi kesehatan. Dalam hal > > > > > ini orang-orang AS akan mampu lebih bermewah-mewah dibandingkan > > > > > dengan orang-orang negara lain. > > > > > > > > > > Kolega saya yang asal AS menyebut sistem Medicare Australia sebagai > > > > > "socialized medicine" dikarenakan berlaku umum dan diselenggarakan > > > > > oleh Pemerintah. Ibu saya memegang 'Commonwealth Seniors Health Card' > > > > > di mana tiap resep dokter hanya ditebus sekitar AU$ 6 (dulunya hanya > > > > > AU$ 5). Sebagai contoh, penebusan resep Actonel D yang tiap bulannya > > > > > harus ditebus sekitar Rp. 55.000,- di Australia, sementara di > > > > > Indonesia obat sejenis jika ditebus untuk satu bulan akan menelan > > > > > biaya sekurangnya Rp. 360.000,-. > > > > > > > > > > Australia hanya punya 4 minggu cuti yang dibayar penuh setiap > > > > > tahunnya, tapi setelah bekerja 10 tahun, maka kami mendapat cuti > > > > > panjang yang dibayar penuh selama 12 minggu. Kolega saya yang asal > > > > > Nepal dan lulusan dari IIT yang paling elit dan tertua di India, > > > > > pernah bekerja di Alcatel Jerman selama beberapa tahun. Walaupun dia > > > > > dulunya seorang penduduk tetap Jerman, tapi akhirnya dia memutuskan > > > > > pindah ke Australia mengikuti saudara iparnya. Dia mengaku posisi > > > > > yang dipegangnya sekarang tidak setinggi seperti sewaktu dia masih > > > > > bekerja di Jerman, tapi dia tetap menganggap kualitas hidup di > > > > > Australia yang terbaik. > > > > > > > > > > Kehidupan Jerman sangat keras di mana agar bisa sukses orang haruslah > > > > > suami-istri memiliki gelar dan akan semakin baik jika bisa memegang > > > > > gelar doktor. Sementara para bule Australia yang dulunya kebanyakan > > > > > ogah sekolah tinggi-tinggi, tapi pendapatan mereka besarnya menyaingi > > > > > kami yang lulusan PT. Mereka dulunya hanya sekedar belajar pada > > > > > sekolah ketrampilan macam TAFE. Cukup dengan belajar di TAFE mereka > > > > > sudah bisa jadi tukang listrik dan tukang ledeng yang sekali panggil > > > > > biayanya cukup aduhai. Tentu saya tidak pernah memanggil mereka > > > > > karena alat-alat saya cukup komplit dan mampu mengerjakannya sendiri. > > > > > Jika perlu ada kolega asal Afganistan yang siap memberikan > > > > > sertifikasi bagi pekerjaan-pekerjaan listrik rumah yang saya buat. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > --- In [email protected], "Jusfiq" <kesayangan.allah@> wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Dalam soal jaminan sosial (dan kesehatan) Amerika jauh ketinggalan > > > > > > dari rata-rata negeri Eropa.. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > CNN.com > > > > > > Powered by > > > > > > > > > > > > Click Here to Print > > > > > > SAVE THIS | EMAIL THIS | Close > > > > > > > > > > > > Why is America the 'no-vacation nation'? > > > > > > > > > > > > (CNN) -- Let's be blunt: If you like to take lots of vacation, the > > > > > > United States is not the place to work. > > > > > > > > > > > > Besides a handful of national holidays, the typical American worker > > > > > > bee gets two or three precious weeks off out of a whole year to > > > > > > relax and see the world -- much less than what people in many other > > > > > > countries receive. > > > > > > > > > > > > And even that amount of vacation often comes with strings attached. > > > > > > > > > > > > Some U.S. companies don't like employees taking off more than one > > > > > > week at a time. Others expect them to be on call or check their > > > > > > e-mail even when they're lounging on the beach or taking a hike in > > > > > > the mountains. > > > > > > > > > > > > "I really would like to take a real, decent vacation and travel > > > > > > somewhere, but it's almost impossible to take a long vacation and > > > > > > to be out of contact," said Don Brock, a software engineer who > > > > > > lives in suburban Washington. > > > > > > > > > > > > "I dream of taking a cruise or a trip to Europe, but I can't > > > > > > imagine getting away for so long." > > > > > > > > > > > > The running joke at Brock's company is that a vacation just means > > > > > > you work from somewhere else. So he takes one or two days off at a > > > > > > time and loses some vacation each year. Only 57% of U.S. workers > > > > > > use up all of the days they're entitled to, compared with 89% of > > > > > > workers in France, a recent Reuters/Ipsos poll found. > > > > > > > > > > > > Brock's last long holiday was more than 10 years ago, when he took > > > > > > a two-week drive across the country. > > > > > > > > > > > > 'Americans work like robots' > > > > > > > > > > > > It's a totally different story in other parts of the world. > > > > > > > > > > > > Nancy Schimkat, an American who lives in Weinheim, Germany, said > > > > > > her German husband, an engineer, gets six weeks of paid vacation a > > > > > > year, plus national holidays -- the norm. His company makes sure he > > > > > > takes all of it. > > > > > > > > > > > > It's typical for Germans to take off three consecutive weeks in > > > > > > August when "most of the country kind of closes down," Schimkat > > > > > > said. That's the time for big trips, perhaps to other parts of > > > > > > Europe, or to Australia or North America. Germans might also book a > > > > > > ski holiday in the winter and take a week off during Easter. > > > > > > > > > > > > Schimkat's family back in the United States teases her that she's > > > > > > spoiled. But when she tells Germans that workers in the U.S. > > > > > > usually get two weeks of vacation a year, they cringe. > > > > > > > > > > > > "They kind of have this idea that Americans work like robots and if > > > > > > that's the way they want to be, that's up to them. But they don't > > > > > > want to be like that," Schimkat said. > > > > > > > > > > > > "[Germans] work very hard, but then they take their holiday and > > > > > > really relax. ... It's more than just making money for Germans, > > > > > > it's about having time for your family and it's about having time > > > > > > to wind down." > > > > > > > > > > > > No legal obligation to offer vacation > > > > > > > > > > > > So what's going on here? > > > > > > > > > > > > A big reason for the difference is that paid time off is mandated > > > > > > by law in many parts of the world. > > > > > > > > > > > > Germany is among more than two dozen industrialized countries -- > > > > > > from Australia to Slovenia to Japan -- that require employers to > > > > > > offer four weeks or more of paid vacation to their workers, > > > > > > according to a 2009 study by the human resources consulting company > > > > > > Mercer. > > > > > > > > > > > > Finland, Brazil and France are the champs, guaranteeing six weeks > > > > > > of time off. > > > > > > > > > > > > But employers in the United States are not obligated under federal > > > > > > law to offer any paid vacation, so about a quarter of all American > > > > > > workers don't have access to it, government figures show. > > > > > > > > > > > > That makes the U.S. the only advanced nation in the world that > > > > > > doesn't guarantee its workers annual leave, according to a report > > > > > > titled "No-Vacation Nation" by the Center for Economic and Policy > > > > > > Research, a liberal policy group. > > > > > > > > > > > > Most U.S. companies, of course, do provide vacation as a way to > > > > > > attract and retain workers. > > > > > > > > > > > > But the fear of layoffs and the ever-faster pace of work mean many > > > > > > Americans are reluctant to be absent from the office -- anxious > > > > > > that they might look like they're not committed to their job. Or > > > > > > they worry they won't be able to cope with the backlog of work > > > > > > waiting for them after a vacation. > > > > > > > > > > > > Then, there's the way we work. > > > > > > > > > > > > Working more makes Americans happier than Europeans, according to a > > > > > > study published recently in the Journal of Happiness Studies. That > > > > > > may be because Americans believe more than Europeans do that hard > > > > > > work is associated with success, wrote Adam Okulicz-Kozaryn, the > > > > > > study's author and an assistant professor at the University of > > > > > > Texas at Dallas. > > > > > > > > > > > > "Americans maximize their... [happiness] by working, and Europeans > > > > > > maximize their [happiness] through leisure," he found. > > > > > > > > > > > > So despite research documenting the health and productivity > > > > > > benefits of taking time off, a long vacation can be undesirable, > > > > > > scary, unrealistic or just plain impossible for many U.S. workers. > > > > > > > > > > > > Little appetite for regulation > > > > > > > > > > > > Critics say it's time for a change. > > > > > > > > > > > > "There is simply no evidence that working people to death gives you > > > > > > a competitive advantage," said John de Graaf, the national > > > > > > coordinator for Take Back Your Time, a group that researches the > > > > > > effects of overwork. > > > > > > > > > > > > He noted that the United States came in fourth in the World > > > > > > Economic Forum's 2010-2011 rankings of the most competitive > > > > > > economies, but Sweden -- a country that by law offers workers five > > > > > > weeks of paid vacation -- came in second. > > > > > > > > > > > > De Graaf drafted the first version of the Paid Vacation Act of > > > > > > 2009, which would have required larger companies to provide at > > > > > > least one week of paid annual leave to employees. But the bill, > > > > > > introduced by then-Rep. Alan Grayson, D-Florida, in May of 2009, > > > > > > got little traction. > > > > > > > > > > > > Opponents said that it would have a negative impact on business and > > > > > > that the government shouldn't get involved in the workplace in this > > > > > > way. > > > > > > > > > > > > "You would have had the idea that we were calling for the end of > > > > > > Western civilization. Comments like, 'Oh, they're going to make > > > > > > America a 21st-century France,' as if we were all going to have to > > > > > > eat snails," de Graaf said. > > > > > > > > > > > > "I'm in no way anti-capitalist, I think the market does a lot of > > > > > > good things, but the Europeans understand that the market also has > > > > > > its failings and that when simply left completely to its own > > > > > > devices, it doesn't produce these perfect results." > > > > > > > > > > > > But is more government regulation the answer? The debate rages on. > > > > > > > > > > > > Back in suburban Washington, Brock -- the software engineer who > > > > > > hasn't had a long vacation for more than 10 years -- is finally > > > > > > planning a real getaway. His 60th birthday is coming up in > > > > > > December, and he'd like to do something special, maybe go on a > > > > > > cruise to the Bahamas. > > > > > > > > > > > > Will he be able to pull it off and get away from work? He's still > > > > > > not entirely sure, he said. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Links referenced within this article > > > > > > > > > > > > are not obligated under federal law > > > > > > http://www.dol.gov/dol/topic/workhours/vacation_leave.htm > > > > > > No-Vacation Nation > > > > > > http://www.cepr.net/documents/publications/2007-05-no-vacation-nation.pdf > > > > > > Journal of Happiness Studies > > > > > > http://www.springerlink.com/content/33078107768v8044/ > > > > > > Take Back Your Time > > > > > > http://www.timeday.org/ > > > > > > World Economic Forum's 2010-2011 rankings > > > > > > http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalCompetitivenessReport_2010-11.pdf > > > > > > Paid Vacation Act of 2009 > > > > > > http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h111-2564 > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Find this article at: > > > > > > http://edition.cnn.com/2011/TRAVEL/05/23/vacation.in.america/index.html?hpt=Mid > > > > > > > > > > > > Click Here to Print > > > > > > SAVE THIS | EMAIL THIS | Close > > > > > > Uncheck the box to remove the list of links referenced in the > > > > > > article. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > © 2008 Cable News Network. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ------------------------------------ Post message: [email protected] Subscribe : [email protected] Unsubscribe : [email protected] List owner : [email protected] Homepage : http://proletar.8m.com/Yahoo! 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