Santunan pensiun bagi orang tua usia pensiun hanya diberikan bagi orang-orang yang memegang visa penduduk tetap dan telah menetap sekurangnya 10 tahun di Australia. Ini peraturan yang mulai berjalan sudah beberapa waktu. Ibu saya baru menjalani sekitar 7 tahun karena proses saya mensponsori beliau waktunya sampai 4 tahun dengan keadaan beliau bisa tinggal bersama saya menunggu keputusan. Ini adalah hasil saran yang diberikan petugas kantor imigrasi yang juga sama-sama seorang migran.
Dengan beliau menjadi tanggungan saya, maka saya dapat pengembalian pajak yang lumayan besar, walaupun jumlahnya tidak sebesar santunan pensiun penuh. --- In [email protected], "Jusfiq" <kesayangan.allah@...> wrote: > > > Tapi kwalitas perawatan dan prevensi di Australia termasuk yang tinggi di > dunia. > > Layanannnya biasanya cepat (di Belanda sekarang ini untuk rawatan spesialis > waktu tunggunya sering panjang). > > Soal santunan untuk orang tua yang baru datang ke Australia, kayaknya ada > perubahan, karena mertua adik Marlene dapat santunan yang penuh walaupun > datangnya ke Australia setelah dia berumur diatas umur pensiun, artinya dia > tidak pernah membayar pajak sebelumnya di Australia. > > --- In [email protected], "Teddy S." <teddyr@> wrote: > > > > Ada perbedaan dengan Australia. > > Misalnya ibu saya yang belum berhak mendapat santunan pensiun (padahal > > tidak pernah punya kontribusi apapun bagi Australia) karena persyaratannya > > sekarang haruslah minimum 10 tahun sudah menjadi penduduk tetap. Ibu saya > > memegang dua kartu, Medicare dan Commonwealth Seniors Health dengan tanpa > > membayar sepeserpun juga. Sebaliknya ibu saya mendapat santunan kecil tiap > > caturwulan yang langsung dikirimkan pada rekening bank beliau. Nama beliau > > juga saya bisa pergunakan untuk mendapatkan potongan biaya pemakaian > > listrik. > > > > Sebaliknya saya yang masih bekerja harus membayar 'Medicare levy' dan > > membayar asuransi pribadi dikarenakan jika tidak dilakukan untuk > > penghasilan diatas batas tertentu akan dikenakan tambahan potongan. Dari > > pengeluaran biaya asuransi pribadi tersebut, Pemerintah Australia > > mengembalikan lagi sebesar 30% yang dihitung per tahun. Bagi saya, asuransi > > pribadi dipergunakan untuk keperluan merawat gigi. > > > > > > --- In [email protected], "Jusfiq" <kesayangan.allah@> wrote: > > > > > > > > > Di negeri Belanda, ringkasnya seperti berikut.. > > > > > > http://www.justlanded.com/english/Netherlands/Netherlands-Guide/Health/Healthcare > > > > > > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_Netherlands > > > > > > Saya sendiri membayar premi yang hampir 200 sebulan euro, termasuk > > > asuransi untuk gigi ditambah sekitar 170 euro tiap tahun "resiko pribadi" > > > > > > Kwalitas rawatan dan prevensi di negeri Belanda termasuk yang terbagus di > > > Eropa. > > > > > > > > > --- In [email protected], "Teddy S." <teddyr@> wrote: > > > > > > > > Cikal bakal Medicare (Medibank) memang dihasilkan oleh pemerintahan > > > > Partai Buruh pada tahun 1975 dengan serikat-serikat buruh umumnya > > > > selalu mendukung kebijakan-kebijakan Partai Buruh. > > > > > > > > Pada masa pemerintahan John Howard dari Partai Koalisi yang seperti > > > > halnya Partai Republik di AS yang lebih mementingkan kepentingan > > > > orang-orang kaya, dia pernah berusaha mengubah sistem Medicare lebih > > > > kearah sistem di AS yang lebih banyak kearah asuransi pribadi. > > > > > > > > Perbandingan pengeluaran biaya kesehatan per kapita antara Australia > > > > dan negara-negara lainnya ada dalam situs berikut di mana untuk > > > > Australia jumlahnya termasuk paling kecil. > > > > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicare_(Australia) > > > > > > > > > > > > --- In [email protected], "Jusfiq" <kesayangan.allah@> wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Australia, saya tahu, termasuk negeri yang punya jaminan sosial dan > > > > > jaminan kesehatan yang aduhai... > > > > > > > > > > Dan ini karena Australia punya serikat buruh yang gigih menuntut > > > > > keadilan sosial, seperti juga dibeberapa negeri Eropa. > > > > > > > > > > Saya perluas diskusi ini dan kembali ke Indonesia: > > > > > > > > > > Inilah salah satu kejahatan partai stalinis fascist PKI... > > > > > > > > > > mereka telah mematikan gerakan buruh di Indonesia dengan mendukung > > > > > perampokan perusahaan Belanda di Indonesia (istilahnya nasionalisasi) > > > > > dan menempatkan pemipin SOBSI menjadi direksi perusahaan yang > > > > > dirampok itu untuk bersama-sama dengan serdadu memporak porandakan > > > > > perusahaan itu. > > > > > > > > > > Ekonomi Indonesia karena itu berantakan dan serikat buruhpun semaput > > > > > dan hingga sekarang belum bangkit kembali. > > > > > > > > > > Agar jelas: bila Indonesia itu hingga sekarang dedel duwel maka > > > > > partai fascsist stalinis PKI itu ikut bertanggung jawab. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > --- In [email protected], "Teddy S." <teddyr@> wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > AS memang jauh tertinggal dalam hal jaminan sosial dan kesehatan > > > > > > dibandingkan dengan negara-negara industri lainnya, tapi persentasi > > > > > > pajak yang mereka bayar juga terkecil bila dibandingkan dengan > > > > > > persentasi pajak yang dibayar oleh orang-orang yang tinggal di > > > > > > negara-negara maju di Eropa maupun Australia. Jelas tidak mungkin > > > > > > memberikan jaminan sosial dan kesehatan yang aduhai dengan relatif > > > > > > sedikitnya dana yang terkumpul dari para pembayar pajak. Bagi > > > > > > mereka yang punya posisi tinggi di AS, perusahaan membayar asuransi > > > > > > kesehatan mereka. Disamping itu jaminan sosial merupakan fungsi > > > > > > dari besar gaji di mana semakin tinggi pendapatan sebelumnya, maka > > > > > > akan semakin tinggi pula besar santunannya. Jadi untuk kelompok > > > > > > ini, semuanya nyaman saja karena 'take home pay' jumlahnya besar > > > > > > dan tidak keluar uang dari kantong sendiri untuk asuransi > > > > > > kesehatan. Dalam hal ini orang-orang AS akan mampu lebih > > > > > > bermewah-mewah dibandingkan dengan orang-orang negara lain. > > > > > > > > > > > > Kolega saya yang asal AS menyebut sistem Medicare Australia sebagai > > > > > > "socialized medicine" dikarenakan berlaku umum dan diselenggarakan > > > > > > oleh Pemerintah. Ibu saya memegang 'Commonwealth Seniors Health > > > > > > Card' di mana tiap resep dokter hanya ditebus sekitar AU$ 6 > > > > > > (dulunya hanya AU$ 5). Sebagai contoh, penebusan resep Actonel D > > > > > > yang tiap bulannya harus ditebus sekitar Rp. 55.000,- di Australia, > > > > > > sementara di Indonesia obat sejenis jika ditebus untuk satu bulan > > > > > > akan menelan biaya sekurangnya Rp. 360.000,-. > > > > > > > > > > > > Australia hanya punya 4 minggu cuti yang dibayar penuh setiap > > > > > > tahunnya, tapi setelah bekerja 10 tahun, maka kami mendapat cuti > > > > > > panjang yang dibayar penuh selama 12 minggu. Kolega saya yang asal > > > > > > Nepal dan lulusan dari IIT yang paling elit dan tertua di India, > > > > > > pernah bekerja di Alcatel Jerman selama beberapa tahun. Walaupun > > > > > > dia dulunya seorang penduduk tetap Jerman, tapi akhirnya dia > > > > > > memutuskan pindah ke Australia mengikuti saudara iparnya. Dia > > > > > > mengaku posisi yang dipegangnya sekarang tidak setinggi seperti > > > > > > sewaktu dia masih bekerja di Jerman, tapi dia tetap menganggap > > > > > > kualitas hidup di Australia yang terbaik. > > > > > > > > > > > > Kehidupan Jerman sangat keras di mana agar bisa sukses orang > > > > > > haruslah suami-istri memiliki gelar dan akan semakin baik jika bisa > > > > > > memegang gelar doktor. Sementara para bule Australia yang dulunya > > > > > > kebanyakan ogah sekolah tinggi-tinggi, tapi pendapatan mereka > > > > > > besarnya menyaingi kami yang lulusan PT. Mereka dulunya hanya > > > > > > sekedar belajar pada sekolah ketrampilan macam TAFE. Cukup dengan > > > > > > belajar di TAFE mereka sudah bisa jadi tukang listrik dan tukang > > > > > > ledeng yang sekali panggil biayanya cukup aduhai. Tentu saya tidak > > > > > > pernah memanggil mereka karena alat-alat saya cukup komplit dan > > > > > > mampu mengerjakannya sendiri. Jika perlu ada kolega asal Afganistan > > > > > > yang siap memberikan sertifikasi bagi pekerjaan-pekerjaan listrik > > > > > > rumah yang saya buat. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > --- In [email protected], "Jusfiq" <kesayangan.allah@> wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Dalam soal jaminan sosial (dan kesehatan) Amerika jauh > > > > > > > ketinggalan dari rata-rata negeri Eropa.. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > CNN.com > > > > > > > Powered by > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Click Here to Print > > > > > > > SAVE THIS | EMAIL THIS | Close > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Why is America the 'no-vacation nation'? > > > > > > > > > > > > > > (CNN) -- Let's be blunt: If you like to take lots of vacation, > > > > > > > the United States is not the place to work. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Besides a handful of national holidays, the typical American > > > > > > > worker bee gets two or three precious weeks off out of a whole > > > > > > > year to relax and see the world -- much less than what people in > > > > > > > many other countries receive. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > And even that amount of vacation often comes with strings > > > > > > > attached. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Some U.S. companies don't like employees taking off more than one > > > > > > > week at a time. Others expect them to be on call or check their > > > > > > > e-mail even when they're lounging on the beach or taking a hike > > > > > > > in the mountains. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > "I really would like to take a real, decent vacation and travel > > > > > > > somewhere, but it's almost impossible to take a long vacation and > > > > > > > to be out of contact," said Don Brock, a software engineer who > > > > > > > lives in suburban Washington. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > "I dream of taking a cruise or a trip to Europe, but I can't > > > > > > > imagine getting away for so long." > > > > > > > > > > > > > > The running joke at Brock's company is that a vacation just means > > > > > > > you work from somewhere else. So he takes one or two days off at > > > > > > > a time and loses some vacation each year. Only 57% of U.S. > > > > > > > workers use up all of the days they're entitled to, compared with > > > > > > > 89% of workers in France, a recent Reuters/Ipsos poll found. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Brock's last long holiday was more than 10 years ago, when he > > > > > > > took a two-week drive across the country. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > 'Americans work like robots' > > > > > > > > > > > > > > It's a totally different story in other parts of the world. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Nancy Schimkat, an American who lives in Weinheim, Germany, said > > > > > > > her German husband, an engineer, gets six weeks of paid vacation > > > > > > > a year, plus national holidays -- the norm. His company makes > > > > > > > sure he takes all of it. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > It's typical for Germans to take off three consecutive weeks in > > > > > > > August when "most of the country kind of closes down," Schimkat > > > > > > > said. That's the time for big trips, perhaps to other parts of > > > > > > > Europe, or to Australia or North America. Germans might also book > > > > > > > a ski holiday in the winter and take a week off during Easter. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Schimkat's family back in the United States teases her that she's > > > > > > > spoiled. But when she tells Germans that workers in the U.S. > > > > > > > usually get two weeks of vacation a year, they cringe. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > "They kind of have this idea that Americans work like robots and > > > > > > > if that's the way they want to be, that's up to them. But they > > > > > > > don't want to be like that," Schimkat said. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > "[Germans] work very hard, but then they take their holiday and > > > > > > > really relax. ... It's more than just making money for Germans, > > > > > > > it's about having time for your family and it's about having time > > > > > > > to wind down." > > > > > > > > > > > > > > No legal obligation to offer vacation > > > > > > > > > > > > > > So what's going on here? > > > > > > > > > > > > > > A big reason for the difference is that paid time off is mandated > > > > > > > by law in many parts of the world. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Germany is among more than two dozen industrialized countries -- > > > > > > > from Australia to Slovenia to Japan -- that require employers to > > > > > > > offer four weeks or more of paid vacation to their workers, > > > > > > > according to a 2009 study by the human resources consulting > > > > > > > company Mercer. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Finland, Brazil and France are the champs, guaranteeing six weeks > > > > > > > of time off. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > But employers in the United States are not obligated under > > > > > > > federal law to offer any paid vacation, so about a quarter of all > > > > > > > American workers don't have access to it, government figures show. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > That makes the U.S. the only advanced nation in the world that > > > > > > > doesn't guarantee its workers annual leave, according to a report > > > > > > > titled "No-Vacation Nation" by the Center for Economic and Policy > > > > > > > Research, a liberal policy group. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Most U.S. companies, of course, do provide vacation as a way to > > > > > > > attract and retain workers. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > But the fear of layoffs and the ever-faster pace of work mean > > > > > > > many Americans are reluctant to be absent from the office -- > > > > > > > anxious that they might look like they're not committed to their > > > > > > > job. Or they worry they won't be able to cope with the backlog of > > > > > > > work waiting for them after a vacation. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Then, there's the way we work. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Working more makes Americans happier than Europeans, according to > > > > > > > a study published recently in the Journal of Happiness Studies. > > > > > > > That may be because Americans believe more than Europeans do that > > > > > > > hard work is associated with success, wrote Adam Okulicz-Kozaryn, > > > > > > > the study's author and an assistant professor at the University > > > > > > > of Texas at Dallas. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > "Americans maximize their... [happiness] by working, and > > > > > > > Europeans maximize their [happiness] through leisure," he found. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > So despite research documenting the health and productivity > > > > > > > benefits of taking time off, a long vacation can be undesirable, > > > > > > > scary, unrealistic or just plain impossible for many U.S. workers. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Little appetite for regulation > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Critics say it's time for a change. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > "There is simply no evidence that working people to death gives > > > > > > > you a competitive advantage," said John de Graaf, the national > > > > > > > coordinator for Take Back Your Time, a group that researches the > > > > > > > effects of overwork. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > He noted that the United States came in fourth in the World > > > > > > > Economic Forum's 2010-2011 rankings of the most competitive > > > > > > > economies, but Sweden -- a country that by law offers workers > > > > > > > five weeks of paid vacation -- came in second. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > De Graaf drafted the first version of the Paid Vacation Act of > > > > > > > 2009, which would have required larger companies to provide at > > > > > > > least one week of paid annual leave to employees. But the bill, > > > > > > > introduced by then-Rep. Alan Grayson, D-Florida, in May of 2009, > > > > > > > got little traction. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Opponents said that it would have a negative impact on business > > > > > > > and that the government shouldn't get involved in the workplace > > > > > > > in this way. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > "You would have had the idea that we were calling for the end of > > > > > > > Western civilization. Comments like, 'Oh, they're going to make > > > > > > > America a 21st-century France,' as if we were all going to have > > > > > > > to eat snails," de Graaf said. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > "I'm in no way anti-capitalist, I think the market does a lot of > > > > > > > good things, but the Europeans understand that the market also > > > > > > > has its failings and that when simply left completely to its own > > > > > > > devices, it doesn't produce these perfect results." > > > > > > > > > > > > > > But is more government regulation the answer? The debate rages on. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Back in suburban Washington, Brock -- the software engineer who > > > > > > > hasn't had a long vacation for more than 10 years -- is finally > > > > > > > planning a real getaway. His 60th birthday is coming up in > > > > > > > December, and he'd like to do something special, maybe go on a > > > > > > > cruise to the Bahamas. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Will he be able to pull it off and get away from work? He's still > > > > > > > not entirely sure, he said. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Links referenced within this article > > > > > > > > > > > > > > are not obligated under federal law > > > > > > > http://www.dol.gov/dol/topic/workhours/vacation_leave.htm > > > > > > > No-Vacation Nation > > > > > > > http://www.cepr.net/documents/publications/2007-05-no-vacation-nation.pdf > > > > > > > Journal of Happiness Studies > > > > > > > http://www.springerlink.com/content/33078107768v8044/ > > > > > > > Take Back Your Time > > > > > > > http://www.timeday.org/ > > > > > > > World Economic Forum's 2010-2011 rankings > > > > > > > http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalCompetitivenessReport_2010-11.pdf > > > > > > > Paid Vacation Act of 2009 > > > > > > > http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h111-2564 > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Find this article at: > > > > > > > http://edition.cnn.com/2011/TRAVEL/05/23/vacation.in.america/index.html?hpt=Mid > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Click Here to Print > > > > > > > SAVE THIS | EMAIL THIS | Close > > > > > > > Uncheck the box to remove the list of links referenced in the > > > > > > > article. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > © 2008 Cable News Network. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ------------------------------------ Post message: [email protected] Subscribe : [email protected] Unsubscribe : [email protected] List owner : [email protected] Homepage : http://proletar.8m.com/Yahoo! 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