On 7/25/13 9:03 AM, John Erickson wrote:
My two cents: In many legal regimes it has been successfully argued that "code is speech." The imperative vs declarative distinction is likely to fail; if the code conveys "information" intended to control the operation of another system, it can be argued that it is a form of speech (and not merely "data," for which different IP rules may apply). Consider the DeCSS trials (and tribulations) of the last decade <http://digital-law-online.info/lpdi1.0/treatise50.html>People interested in this topic might enjoy Gabriella Coleman's "Code is Speech" (2009) <http://bit.ly/CodeIsSpeech> and "Coding Freedom" (2013) <http://bit.ly/CodingFreedom>
In my eyes, Data is Code and Code is Data. Turtle and other (concrete RDF syntaxes) are simply encoding notations (so they are code).
Related:1. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/642357/whats-the-difference-between-data-and-code
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoiconicity -- Homoiconicity3. http://dbpedia.org/describe/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdbpedia.org%2Fresource%2FHomoiconicity -- Homoiconicity description in DBpedia 4. http://lod.openlinksw.com/describe/?uri=http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/Homoiconicity -- Homoiconicity description in YAGO.
Kingsley
On Thu, Jul 25, 2013 at 8:30 AM, Víctor Rodríguez Doncel <[email protected]> wrote:Oh! I didn't know... but if you can insert a "SQL" expression then R2RML is certainly imperative. Now I am very curious about the "Prolog" question, too, and I would like to hear more opinions. To foster the discussion, I have posted about "RDF Mappings and Licenses" here: http://licensius.com/blog/MappingsAndLicenses Víctor El 25/07/2013 13:13, Barry Norton escribió: Interesting distinction, but I'm not sure I buy it. Does that mean software licenses don't apply to PROLOG code? I can actually make R2RML mappings more imperative than PROLOG cuts by using control flow features of SQL. Barry On 25/07/13 12:04, Víctor Rodríguez Doncel wrote: Dear Roberto, all Well, I have not heard about any case in a trial court about this and the legal texts seem somewhat ambiguous. Also, I have not heard other qualified opinions on this particular regard. So, this can be matter for a friendly discussion. But I still lean towards not considering a mapping (for example the R2RML below) as a computer program. The mapping is declarative, not imperative. They are not instructions, as required in the legal text. Think of HTML pages. I dont think they are regarded as software. People don't license them with a BSD license. They use CreativeCommons licenses, intended for general works. You declare a table, a computer program will process it. (Yet, a Javascript piece would be made up of instructions). I hope I clarified my point. Víctor @prefix rr: <http://www.w3.org/ns/r2rml#>. @prefix ex: <http://example.com/ns#>. <#TriplesMap1> rr:logicalTable [ rr:tableName "EMP" ]; rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://data.example.com/employee/{EMPNO}";; rr:class ex:Employee; ]; rr:predicateObjectMap [ rr:predicate ex:name; rr:objectMap [ rr:column "ENAME" ]; ]. El 25/07/2013 10:32, Roberto García escribió: Dear Víctor, Tom, all, Maybe I've missed something but if what is going to be licensed are R2RML mappings, for me this is code. As Víctor quoted, a computer program is (WIPO): "a set of instructions, which controls the operations of a computer in order to enable it to perform a specific task". This is just what happens with R2RML mappings, they are based on a metalanguage that is read by a computer using a R2RML interpreter (implemented using another programming language but just similar to a compiler) that at last executes a set of instructions that read data from a source and generate a data stream in the output... My 2c, Roberto On Wed, Jul 24, 2013 at 11:01 AM, Víctor Rodríguez Doncel <[email protected]> wrote:Well, ODC data licenses include both copyrights and database rights. So you dont give up your claims for having made a creative work... Víctor El 24/07/2013 10:38, Tom Heath escribió: Just seen this thread, apols for the slow response Barry... Of course IANAL and all that, but I disagree with Victor's conclusion. I would argue that the individual mappings are creative works (as you say), and therefore a CC license would apply (better still, why not apply a public domain waiver so they're totally open?). The collection as a whole would probably qualify as a database, at which point Victor's points about a DB license would be relevant. As others have mentioned, the data created by the execution of these mappings is another issue altogether, which you seem to have covered. My 2p worth -- hope it helps :) Tom. On 12 July 2013 21:38, Víctor Rodríguez Doncel <[email protected]> wrote: Barry, My opinion is the following: 1. Code license NO. A computer program is (WIPO): "a set of instructions, which controls the operations of a computer in order to enable it to perform a specific task" 2. Intellectual Property. I'd say no in this case. Some databases are protected by IP law. They are if they can assumed to be "collections of literary or artistic works such as encyclopaedias and anthologies which, by reason of the selection and arrangement of their contents, constitute intellectual creations, are to be protected as such, without prejudice to the copyright in each of the works forming part of such collections". So, if you have made your mapping automatically, they are NOT under the umbrella of IP laws. 3. Database law. YES (where it applies). Relaxing the requirements, a sui generis rights is defined in Europe to protect your database if you have made an investment (in time or money) when making the database. Rights (extraction and reutilization) are kept for 15 years and are not recognized in USA and many other countries. --> Conclusion. Instead of using CreativeCommon licenses (excepting CC0 which is ok), use Data Licenses (for example ODC), which include in their text a reference to the European database law. Regards, Víctor El 12/07/2013 21:30, Barry Norton escribió: Incidentally, to clarify, I meant to ask a more fundamental question about mappings: are these creative works, deserving themselves of a CC license, or executable code, deserving of a code license? Whichever way, I'd like to make them as encumbered as possible. Barry On 12/07/13 13:20, Barry Norton wrote: I'd like to publicly release R2RML mappings for the MusicBrainz dataset. DBpedia has shown interest in including the subset that can be used to create a linkset. Any idea what (kind of) licence could/should apply? (To be clear, to the mappings, as opposed to the dataset) I'd also like to attach, since R2RML is RDF, a licence and attribution on a per rr:TriplesMap basis. (The mappings are hosted on github and contributions will be accepted as I'm never going to get through all of the MB Advanced Relationships, a moving target, myself and I'm being a bottleneck.) The question's also been raised on whether a given licence can in turn impose conditions on the triples that are created using it (as derivative works)? Does that sound feasible? Any input appreciated. Barry -- Víctor Rodríguez-Doncel D3205 - Ontology Engineering Group (OEG) Departamento de Inteligencia Artificial Facultad de Informática Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Campus de Montegancedo s/n Boadilla del Monte-28660 Madrid, Spain Tel. (+34) 91336 3672 Skype: vroddon3 -- Víctor Rodríguez-Doncel D3205 - Ontology Engineering Group (OEG) Departamento de Inteligencia Artificial Facultad de Informática Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Campus de Montegancedo s/n Boadilla del Monte-28660 Madrid, Spain Tel. (+34) 91336 3672 Skype: vroddon3-- Víctor Rodríguez-Doncel D3205 - Ontology Engineering Group (OEG) Departamento de Inteligencia Artificial Facultad de Informática Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Campus de Montegancedo s/n Boadilla del Monte-28660 Madrid, Spain Tel. (+34) 91336 3672 Skype: vroddon3 -- Víctor Rodríguez-Doncel D3205 - Ontology Engineering Group (OEG) Departamento de Inteligencia Artificial Facultad de Informática Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Campus de Montegancedo s/n Boadilla del Monte-28660 Madrid, Spain Tel. (+34) 91336 3672 Skype: vroddon3
-- Regards, Kingsley Idehen Founder & CEO OpenLink Software Company Web: http://www.openlinksw.com Personal Weblog: http://www.openlinksw.com/blog/~kidehen Twitter/Identi.ca handle: @kidehen Google+ Profile: https://plus.google.com/112399767740508618350/about LinkedIn Profile: http://www.linkedin.com/in/kidehen
smime.p7s
Description: S/MIME Cryptographic Signature
