On 9 August 2017 at 11:56, Laszlo Ersek <ler...@redhat.com> wrote: > Now that I look at the "info mtree" monitor output of a random VM, I see > the following "address-space"s: > - memory > - I/O > - cpu-memory > - bunch of nameless ones, with top level regions called > "bus master container" > - several named "virtio-pci-cfg-as" > - KVM-SMRAM > > I (sort of) understand MemoryRegions and aliases, but: > - I don't know why "memory" and "cpu-memory" exist separately, for example,
"memory" is the "system address space", ie the default overall view of memory where most devices appear and which gets used by DMA'ing devices that don't have a proper model of what their view of the world should be. "cpu-memory" is specifically the view of the world that the CPU has. Per-CPU memory mapped devices and devices that are visible to the CPU but not to random DMA'ing things can appear here (and not in the 'memory' address space). Generally "cpu-memory" will be created effectively as "memory" plus some other stuff. Some CPU architectures have more than one address space per CPU -- notably ARM TrustZone-supporting CPUs have "cpu-memory" for the NonSecure view and "cpu-secure-memory" for the Secure view. The overall aim here is to better model the real world, where different memory transaction masters can sit on different buses or in different places in the bus fabric, and thus have access to different things. Anything that is a bus master should ideally have its own AddressSpace, because for QEMU an AddressSpace is the endpoint that you use to initiate memory transactions. MemoryRegions on the other hand are what you use for building up the hierarchy of devices sitting on buses and so on, so when you're setting up the simulation you pass a device which is a bus master a MemoryRegion defining "this is the world you can see", and the device creates an AddressSpace from it in order to be able to interact with it. (We have address_space_init_shareable() to reduce the proliferation of theoretically distinct but in practice identical AddressSpaces.) Similarly, I'm not familiar with the PCI code, but conceptually each PCI device is a bus master and wants an AddressSpace to do transactions into. thanks -- PMM
