There should be a caveat with psycho-visual experimentation: Tufte (1983, p. 183) says that 5-10 percent of viewers are color deficient or color blind. He (pp. 153-154) argues strongly against "color puzzles" that look pretty but are extremely difficult to decode. He says, "Shades of gray provide an easily comprehended order to the data measures", in some cases better than "the visually more spectacular color". Cleveland (1993, pp. 264-265) suggests color encoding he calls THVL (two hues, varying lightness). His example ranges from 100% cyan (red) in steps of 20% to 20% cyan then switches to 20% magenta (blue) in steps of 20% to 100% magenta. These are selected in part because they are fairly distinct even for people with modest color blindness.

Perhaps others can comment on more recent research and how this relates to the color brewer.

In a related area, I learned years ago that substantial portions of the public (especially those over 40) do not have eyesight corrected to 20-20 and can't read PowerPoint slides with type smaller than 25-28 point, unless they are in a very small room or are otherwise right on top of the slides. The painful part for me was that they would rarely tell me they couldn't read my slides. I had to guess from the questions they asked or didn't ask.

     hope this helps.  spencer graves

REFERENCES:

Edward R. Tufte (1983) The Display of Quantitative Information (Chesire, CT: Graphics Press)

William S. Cleveland (1993) Visualizing Data (Murray Hill, NJ: AT&T Bell Labs)

(Ted Harding) wrote:

On 21-Dec-04 michael watson \(IAH-C\) wrote:


Hi

I want to create a vector of colors that are as different
from one another as possible.  ?rainbow states "Conceptually,
all of these functions actually use (parts of) a line cut out
of the 3-dimensional color space...".  This suggests to me
that the resulting colors are all placed on this "line" and
are equi-distant along it.  The resulting color palette is
a range of colours where adjacent colours are actually quite
similar, especially when n (the number of colours) is high.

Conceptually I guess what I want is colors from a 3D polygon
in 3D colour space, where the number of vertices in the polygon
is n, resulting in a color palette where the colors are all
quite different from one another. Is this possible or am I
talking crap? (I've only had one coffee this morning)



One is not enough, by a long way, in my experience ...

How large is n? It's not easy to select more than a few clearly
distinct colours. Also, "distinct" is context-dependent, because:

What will be the spatial relationships of the different colours
in your output? You can successfully have fairly similar
colours adjacent to each other, since the contrast is more
obvious when they're adjacent. However, if you want to use
colours to track identity and difference across scttered points
or patches, then you need bigger separations between colours,
since you want to be able to see easily that patch "A" here is
of the same kind as patch "A" there and different from patch "B"
somwehere else, when mingled with patches of other kinds.

And size matters. Big patches of similar colour (as on a map)
can look quite distinct, while the same colours used to plot
filled circular blobs on a graph might be barely distinguishable,
and totally undistinguishable if used to plot coloured "."s
or "+"s.

It depends too on what you will be using to render the colours.
Monitor screens vary in their aility to render different
colours distinctly, and so do colour printers.

It's all very psycho-visual and success usually requires
experimentation!

Cheers,
Ted.


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