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User:Drernie/Truth Bowl
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Truth Bowl is an evolution of Ethics Bowl modeled explicitly around non-binary
dialectic rather than debate; it is sometimes referred to as "Hegelian debate",
"alt-bate", or "unbate." It attempts to use coopetition and collaborative
design to promote better epistemic norms for an era of post-truth politics. A
secondary purpose of Truth Bowl is to revive and refine the value of the
humanities in an increasingly technological society.
Variations
All the documentation and scoring tools for Truth Bowl are available as Open
Source on GitHub, to encourage individuals and communities to suggest
improvements or create their own version. The two major styles are:
Classic: like traditional debate, this is primarily intended for offline play
involving live teams in an all-day tournament. The focus is on enabling
students to demonstrate and improve their skills, and thus does not allow any
outside help. Scoring is based purely on content and reasoning, not the quality
of presentation.
Freestyle: this variant was explicitly designed for online play and viewing,
and has been called the "beach volleyball of debate." While using the same
epistemic criteria as Classic, Freestyle also awards points for making play
more entertaining. Teams are also allowed (even encouraged) to leverage the
audience, social media, and AI assistants for information and advice.
Format
Sessions
A single session of Truth Bowl (sometimes called an Argument) involves:
One Open-ended question (often a wicked problem)
Two Teams, one Opening and the other Responding
One or three Juries
The official Rubric of criteria to be used for judging
Teams consist of 2-5 people, through three ("a triad") is considered ideal.
Teams are referred to as Interlocutors rather than opponents, to emphasize the
cooperative aspect of play.
The session begins when a Foreperson from one of the Juries reads the Question.
The opening team presents first. A Round consists of two sessions, with teams
taking turns opening. Which team goes first in a Round is determined by lot or
by the organizer.
If there is only a single member of a Jury, they are referred to as a Judge;
otherwise they are called Jurors. The distinction is that Judges make up their
own mind, while Jurors are require to collaborate to agree on a Score and a
Vote (see Deliberation, below). The Foreperson may be appointed beforehand by
the organizers, or voted in by the Jury.
Timing
Instead of a fixed schedule, teams have an allotment of time (much like speed
chess) they must allocate between deliberation, presentation, and asking
questions. The pushes teams to learn how to balance analysis with action and
tradeoff completeness for conciseness (though organizers usually provide
recommended alocations for new teams to use).
A typical session is 23 minutes, which (with a four minute break) results in 50
minute rounds. The traditional allocation is:
1 minute: Introductions and statement of the Question
12 minutes: Opening team discourse
6 minutes: Responding team discourse
1 minute: Foreperson questions
2 minutes: Deliberation / Synthesis
1 minute: Final Voting
Perspectives
Rather than defending a proposition, teams compete to offer better
Perspectives. The initial Perspective shared by the opening team is called the
Hypothesis, the other team responds with an Antithesis critiquing that
Hypothesis, after which teams compete to create the best Synthesis of the
preceding Perspectives.
An important feature of Perspectives is that they must first be presented as
formal statements of 280 characters or less (the length of a modern tweet),
after which the team is expected to clarify, elaborate, and justify that
statement. This rewards teams who write clear, compelling, and defensible
headlines and summaries, which Truth Bowl considers a critical skill for
improving social media discourse. It is conventional for questions to also be
less than 280 characters, facilitating "bowl by tweet" (analogous to "chess by
mail").
Questioning
Interruptions are forbidden, but interlocutors may ask questions during the
other team's presentation. The usual convention is to raise a hand and wait for
the speaker to recognize the questioner, which they do by "punching the clock"
to show that it is the other person's turn to speak. The questioner then uses
as much of their own time as they like, then punches the clock for the speaker
to reply. The speaker always has the option to say "defer" and return to their
original line of argument, if they deem it expedient.
The Juries also have a minute (divided between them, if more than one) they can
use to similarly ask a question at any time. This is typically managed on the
honor system, with both clocks being paused while the Foreperson speaks. The
speaker must use their own time to answer, though they still have the option to
defer.
Restatement
One of the most powerful tools for focusing an argument is restatement, where
one team formally restates a question or Perspective before responding to it.
It is recommended (but not required) that teams ask their Interlocutors to
approve a restatement before using it; otherwise they risk being criticized for
failing to respond to the original statement.
Rubrics
Truth Bowl is built around the idea that "Rubrics which reward constructive
Argument lead to more accurate Perspectives" for individuals, communities, and
society as a whole. Common criteria include:
Clarity of communication
Clear and valid logical arguments
Well-validated facts and sources
Responsiveness to new or conflicting information
Respect for Interlocutors
Deliberation
At the end of the discourse, teams and juries have two minutes to deliberate:
Teams use it to each prepare their final Synthesis.
Juries use it to reconcile their Rubrics (typically via some form of voting) to
render a public Score for each team, as well as a Vote on which team provided
the greater Contribution.
At the end of the Deliberation, each team's Syntehsis is published or read, and
Jurors vote to award three bonus points. If there is a single Jury, the points
are distributed proportionally; otherwise each Jury awards a single point based
on simple majority (ties broken by the Foreperson).
Jurors (and audience members) are also encouraged to write and publish their
own Syntheses of the Argument after the Verdict, but these have no official
standing.
League Play
Competitive play is organized by Leagues around Seasons, which culminate in an
offline or online Tournament. The team that wins the most Votes in a Round is
declared the Greatest Contributor (or "GC"), with ties being broken by highest
Score. Early rounds in a Tournament are typically double-elimination, with the
playoffs being single-elimination. The GC for the final Round is declared the
"Wisdom" of the League for that Season.
Leagues are organized by Elders, who decide the Rubric and Rules for the League
(sometimes called its "Schema") as well as the Topics for each Season.
Tournaments often have separate Divisions for each individual Topic, allowing
teams to specialize; the GC for a particular Topic is called the "Socratic."
The number of topics is usually a power of two, allowing a final bracket of
cross-division play, using questions that span the Topics of the Socratics
involved.
It is traditional for the final round questions to be self-reflective, as in:
How could this League be improved?
What would make Truth Bowl better?
While these are framed as hypothetical "coulds" rather than imperative
"shoulds", many Elders will later provide a formal response explaining which
suggestions they are implementing, considering, and deferring.
Classic Leagues typically host one Season per year, whereas Freestyle runs one
every three months. The first part of a Season is used to qualify for the
Tournament; players in online Leagues do this by earning badges (representing
competencies) and credits (for participation and achievement). Players
typically join a Club, which will field multiple teams in a Tournament. Most
Leagues will allow the Club as a whole to qualify for a Tournament, though some
mandate that individual Teams do so.
Truth Bowl VR
Live online play is almost entirely based around virtual reality, as that is
the most efficient medium for distributed group discourse. Players, especially
those from the Fortnite generation, can rapidly switch between intra-team
deliberation and inter-team presentation, using visual cues to determine who
speaks next. This also allows pseudonymous participation via an avatar, which
can be a huge accessibility boost for minorities, prisoners, and other
marginalized groups (or academics worried about their reputation, as long as
their voice isn't too distinctive). The initial iterations were played on Rec
Room VR, but there are plans to use a custom app with richer presentation and
collaboration tools.
A key benefit of online play is that there is zero marginal cost to hosting a
Tournament, because there is no need for travel or a facility. Jurors can be
recruited from qualified participants, and rewarded with in-game credits. In
many Leagues the entire audience for high-level rounds is considered a Jury,
and leverage a range of audience engagement tools and voting methods for
questioning, scoring, and voting.
Inspirations
1 vs 100
Gift economy
Deliberative opinion poll
Layer tennis
Mediation
National Conference on Dialogue & Deliberation
Radical centrism
Truth and reconciliation commission
Truth-Oriented Adjudicated Debates
Wikipedia:Neutral point of view
Sent from my iPhone
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