At 8:35 AM +0700 5/27/00, Evi wrote: >Mak Ngah, > >Malam tadi ambo menyaksikan juo programe live tantang rought draft of >mapping human genetic ini dari CNN. Disana mereka, para scientist itu baru >bicara tentang menyingkirkan penyakit, tapi tunggu sebentar lagi, mereka >juga akan bicara tentang mengidentifikasi gen-gen yang membuat kita bisa >menjadi tua. Dan saya bisa bayangkan euphoria masyarakat dunia kalau >penemuan ini sudah masuk pasar kosmetik.Yang jelas perusahaan jamu awet muda >akan gulung tikar. > >Mak Ngah, sekarang serius. > >Kalau mapping DNA ini nanti sudah bisa diaplikasikan bagaimana ya kira-kira >dampaknya terhadap peradaban manusia? Manusia tidak hanya awet muda, tapi >juga tidak mati-mati. Lama-lama bumi ini kan jadi tumpah ruah. Kalau sudah >demikian mau kemana kita? > > >Wassalam, > >Evi > Memang agak panjang kaji tu Evi. Indak obeh dek ambo nan ka jawabnyo. Sadangkan dek mareka ahli-ahli nan manarangkan itu sandiri masih panjang jalan nan kaditampuah lai. Ambo katehkan nan paliang bawah dari poin-poin primer nan dibawah ko dari AP (dikopi panuah saroman sabalunnyo) karano mungkin banyak gunonyo untuak pangatahuan umum kito basamo labiah-labiah lai nan sadang bakcimpuang di bidang itu. Sumber: http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/w/AP-Gene-Primer.html Salam, Mak Ngah --Even after all of the genes are identified, it will take many years before science fully learns how to use this new knowledge to diagnose illness, to predict the individual genetic tendency toward illness and to develop and test drugs and other new medical treatments. June 26, 2000 Primer on Human Genes Filed at 8:56 p.m. EDT By The Associated Press Competing private and public projects to sequence and assemble the human genome are essentially complete, researchers announced on Monday. Here are some facts: --The human genome is the biological instruction for how an individual is formed and how the cells in the body function. --There are more than 50,000 genes -- no one knows exactly how many -- in the human genome. --Only a small percentage of all the genes had been identified before the mapping projects started. --Except for identical twins, the gene structure is unique in each individual. --Half the genes in a person come from each parent. --Genes direct the formation, or expression, of proteins that a cell uses to function, repair or defend itself, and to divide. --Genes are contained in the chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell. --There are 22 numbered chromosomes, plus two that determine gender, X and Y. A female has two X chromosomes, while a male has an X and a Y. --A human normally has 23 pairs of chromosomes --A complete human genome is contained in coiled double helixes of DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid. Stretched out, the coil would be 5 feet long, but only 20 microns wide. A human hair is about 50 microns wide. --About 3 billion DNA subunits, called base pairs, make up the double helix. --Base pairs are composed of four types of chemicals, called nucleotides, that are weakly bonded in pairs to link the sides of the DNA double helix. The base pairs resemble rungs in a coiled ladder. --The nucleotides are called adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine. They are abbreviated A, T, C and G in the scientific description of the genome. --The bases form specific nucleotide pairings, with ``A'' linking only with ``T'', and ``C'' only with ``G''. --Genes can have thousands of base pairs. The sequence and arrangement of these base pairs create a genetic code. --Most of the base pairs of DNA between genes have no known function. These base pairs are commonly referred to as ``junk DNA.'' --Genes give coded instructions to the cell on how to assemble proteins. Making of a protein from this code is called ``gene expression.'' --Many human disorders are caused by genetic flaws, or by the absence of one or more genes. --Researchers hope to identify all the genes that play a role in human disorders. --Once a gene has been linked to a human disorder, researchers hope to learn how to manipulate, correct or replace that flawed gene, or the protein its expresses, in order to treat the disorder. --Even after all of the genes are identified, it will take many years before science fully learns how to use this new knowledge to diagnose illness, to predict the individual genetic tendency toward illness and to develop and test drugs and other new medical treatments. Ask questions about National News, International News and more in Abuzz, from The New York Times. Get answers and tell other readers what you know. 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