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ASIA-PACIFIC: The Ram battering at India's coalition: Hindu militants fighting for temples on holy sites are stepping up the pressure with nationwide agitation, says Edward Luce
Financial Times; Mar 16, 2002
By EDWARD LUCE
India's security forces yesterday spared no effort to ensure that a Hindu militant ceremony on the site of the Ayodhya mosque, torn down a decade ago, did not trigger a resurgence in sectarian violence.
It proved a rare success. With more than 8,000 heavily armed police and paramilitary forces on the streets of the holy city, the Indian state was out in full force.
Unlike the demolition of the mosque in 1992, which was followed by rioting that claimed 3,000 lives, or the communal violence that engulfed the state of Gujarat last month, claiming over 700 lives, yesterday's policing left nothing to chance.
But the Indian government, led by Atal Behari Vajpayee, leader of the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata party, is likely to
pay a price for yesterday's display of law and order.
Activists of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (World Hindu Council), a sister body to Mr Vajpayee's party, plan to launch a prolonged nationwide campaign from next week to pressure New Delhi into allowing the construction of a Hindu temple on the site of the mosque.
The agitation, which would seek to emulate the "Ram temple" campaign that led to the demolition of the Babri Masjid mosque in 1992 and helped bring the BJP to power in 1998, would be aimed squarely at Mr Vajpayee, whom Hindu activists openly describe as a "traitor" to the cause.
Instead of an end to the potentially explosive Ram movement, the septuagenarian prime minister now faces an intensified challenge to his authority that is likely to require increasingly bitter confrontation with his party's core supporters.
Yesterday police detained several BJP members of parliament and arrested 900 Hindu activists in and around Ayodhya. Many more such incidents are likely to follow in the weeks and m
onths ahead.
"We have a BJP government that does not permit Hindus to enter one of their holiest cities," said Mahendra Singh, an activist lawyer based in Ayodhya. "More than 80 per cent of India is Hindu, yet Mr Vajpayee allows Muslims to dictate to him what to do."
About 1,000 VHP activists, Hindu ascetics and fellow travellers were permitted to accompany a procession through Ayodhya yesterday, which concluded in the delivery to a government official of two symbolic pieces of masonry signifying the start of the temple construction.
But the militants - tens of thousands of whom had been denied access to the holy city by a security operation that spanned a radius of 100 miles - were stopped about a kilometre from the disputed site, which they believe is the birthplace of Lord Ram, a revered Hindu God.
Chanting "Jai Shri Ram" - long live Ram - the militants clearly thought they had been betrayed by New Delhi. "How can you stop Hindus from holding prayers where Lord Ram was born?" said one. "Whatever h
appens, however long it takes, this temple will be built."
Moderates in the BJP claim that construction of the temple, for which about Dollars 350m has been raised partly through donations from Indians based in the UK and the US, would mark the end of Hindu radical agitation to replace mosques with temples at sacred locations around India.
But VHP activists say that the campaign, which would result in the largest Hindu temple in the world, is only the first in a series of "projects". Following the completion of the Ram temple, activists would train their sights on the holy city of Mathura, close to Ayodhya, where a mosque stands on the apparent birthplace of Lord Krishna, another revered Hindu god.
The campaign would then move on to the city of Varanasi, which flanks the holy Ganges river, and hosts a mosque on a site associated with Lord Shiva.
Some believe that the Taj Mahal, built by Shah Jehan, a Mogul emperor, in the 17th century, also stands on an important site for Hinduism. Last year militant
s defaced part of the renowned tomb with graffiti.
"These are the sacred places of Hinduism," said Chandra Mohandas, nephew of the founder of the Ram Temple Trust in Ayodhya. "No one is trying to tear down Mecca or Medina, so why should the Muslims complain?"
Defenders of India's secular constitution, including most of Mr Vajpayee's partners in the 23-party coalition, say that any progress towards construction of the Ram temple would intensify the campaign for further "cultural cleansing".
For the time being, India's legal system and vocal sections of the increasingly disunited coalition government in New Delhi appears to be with the secularists. But the militants are confident that time is on their side.
"We have been campaigning for a Ram temple for more than 50 years," said Mr Mohandas. "Anybody who thinks we are planning to stop now is deluded."
Copyright: The Financial Times Limited 1995-2002
Delil Khairat
London Guildhall University
84 Moorgate
London
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