Assalamualaikum w.w. Saudara-saudara sekalian,
Dengan penuh rasa gembira dan syukur, saya sebarkan berita dari Yahoo berikut
ini tentang telah disahkannya Deklarasi PBB tentang Hak Masyarakat Hukum Adat.
Sewaktu masih berdinas di Komnas HAM saya ikut berjuang agar tema hak
masyarakat hukum adat ini mendapat perhatian penuh.
Deklarasi ini sifatnya 'non-legally binding', jadi tidak mengikat secara
hukum. Dalam konteks Indonesia hal itu tidak menjadi halangan, karena hak
masyarakat hukum adat sudah diakui dalam Pasal 18 B ayat (2) dan Pasal 28 I
atay (3) serta Pasal 6 Undang-undang No 39 Tahun 1999 Tentang Hak Asasi
Manusia. Lebih dari itu, Pasal 51 Undang-undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2003 Tentang
Mahkamah Konstitusi telah memberi hak untuk menjadi Pemohon kepada masyarakat
hukum adat -- yang telah mempunyai 'legal standing' -- jika merasa ada hak
konstitusionalnya yang dilanggar oleh suatu undang-undang.
Oleh karena itu pimpinan masyarakat hukum adat di Indonesia masih harus
mengusahakan adanya 'legal standing' bagi komunitasnya, melalui sebuah
peraturan daerah kabupaten, sesuai dengan ketentuan Undang-undang Nomor 32
Tahun 2004 Tentang Pemeritahan Daerah.
Wassalam,
Saafroedin Bahar
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UN General Assembly backs indigenous peoples' rights
by Gerard AziakouThu Sep 13, 5:08 PM ET
The UN General Assembly on Thursday adopted a non-binding declaration
upholding the human, land and resources rights of the world's 370 million
indigenous people, brushing off opposition from Australia, Canada, New Zealand
and the United States.
The vote in the assembly was 143 in favor and four against. Eleven countries,
including Russia and Colombia, abstained.
The declaration, capping more than 20 years of debate at the United Nations,
also recognizes the right of indigenous peoples to self-determination and sets
global human rights standards for them.
It states that native peoples have the right "to the recognition, observance
and enforcement of treaties" concluded with states or their successors.
Indigenous peoples say their lands and territories are endangered by such
threats as mineral extraction, logging, environmental contamination,
privatization and development projects, classification of lands as protected
areas or game reserves amd use of genetically modified seeds and technology.
Victoria Tauli-Corpuz, the Philippine chair of the UN Permanent Forum on
Indigenous Issues, joined UN chief Ban Ki-moon in hailing the vote.
"It marks a major victory for Indigenous peoples," said Tauli-Corpuz, adding
that the document "sets the minimum international standards for the protection
and promotion of the rights" of native peoples.
But Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United States, countries with
sizable indigenous populations, expressed disappointment with the text.
They said they could not support it because of their concerns over provisions
on self-determination, land and resources rights and giving indigenous peoples
a right of veto over national legislation and state mangement of resources.
"Unfortunately, the provisions in the Declaration on lands, territories and
resources are overly broad, unclear, and capable of a wide variety of
interpretations, discounting the need to recognize a range of rights over land
and possibly putting into question matters that have been settled by treaty,"
Canada's UN Ambassador John McNee told the assembly.
Among contentious issues was one article saying "states shall give legal
recognition and protection" to lands, territories and resources traditionally
"owned, occupied or otherwise used or acquired" by indigenous peoples.
Another bone of contention was an article upholding native peoples' right to
"redress by means that can include restitution or when not possible just, fair
and equitable compensation, for their lands and resources "which have been
confiscated, taken, occupied, used or damaged without their free, prior ad
informed consent".
Opponents also objected to one provision requiring states "to consult and
cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples ...to obtain their free and
informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or
territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the
development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources."
Indigenous advocates note that most of the world's remaining natural
resources -- minerals, freshwater, potential energy sources -- are found within
indigenous peoples' territories.
A leader of Canada's native community, Phil Fontaine, slammed his
government's stance.
"We're very disappointed with Canada's opposition to the declaration on
indigenous peoples," said Fontaine, leader of Assembly of First Nations, who
came to New York to lobby for adoption of the text.
Canada's indigenous population is about 1.3 million people, out of a total
population of 32.7 million.
Adoption of the declaration by the assembly had been deferred late last year
at the behest of African countries led by Namibia, which raised objections
about language on self-determination and the definition of "indigenous" people.
The Africans were won over after co-sponsors amended an article to read that
"nothing in the declaration may be ...construed as authorizing or encouraging
any action which would dismember or impair, totally or in part, the territorial
integrity or political unity of sovereign and independent states."
The declaration was endorsed by the Geneva-based UN Human Rights Council last
year.
Copyright (c) 2007 Agence France Presse. All rights reserved. The information
contained in the AFP News report may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or
redistributed without the prior written authority of Agence France Presse.
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