yaooqinn commented on a change in pull request #27956: [SPARK-31189][SQL][DOCS] 
Fix errors and missing parts for datetime pattern document
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/27956#discussion_r395039148
 
 

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 File path: docs/sql-ref-datetime-pattern.md
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 @@ -199,18 +231,27 @@ The count of pattern letters determines the format.
 
 - Number/Text: If the count of pattern letters is 3 or greater, use the Text 
rules above. Otherwise use the Number rules above.
 
-- Fraction: Outputs the micro-of-second field as a fraction-of-second. The 
micro-of-second value has six digits, thus the count of pattern letters is from 
1 to 6. If it is less than 6, then the micro-of-second value is truncated, with 
only the most significant digits being output.
+- Fraction: Use one or more contiguous `'S'` characters, e,g `SSSSSS`, to 
parse and format fraction of second.
+  For parsing, the acceptable fraction length can be [1, the number of 
contiguous 'S'].
+  For formatting, the fraction length would be padded to the number of 
contiguous 'S' with zeros.
+  Spark supports datetime with max precision to micro-of-second which has six 
significant digits at most, but can parse nano-of-second field with exceed part 
truncated.
 
 - Year: The count of letters determines the minimum field width below which 
padding is used. If the count of letters is two, then a reduced two digit form 
is used. For printing, this outputs the rightmost two digits. For parsing, this 
will parse using the base value of 2000, resulting in a year within the range 
2000 to 2099 inclusive. If the count of letters is less than four (but not 
two), then the sign is only output for negative years. Otherwise, the sign is 
output if the pad width is exceeded when 'G' is not present.
 
-- Zone names: This outputs the display name of the time-zone ID. If the count 
of letters is one, two or three, then the short name is output. If the count of 
letters is four, then the full name is output. Five or more letters will fail.
+- Zone ID(V): This outputs the display the time-zone ID. Pattern letter count 
must be 2.
+- Zone names(z): This outputs the display textual name of the time-zone ID. If 
the count of letters is one, two or three, then the short name is output. If 
the count of letters is four, then the full name is output. Five or more 
letters will fail.
 
 - Offset X and x: This formats the offset based on the number of pattern 
letters. One letter outputs just the hour, such as '+01', unless the minute is 
non-zero in which case the minute is also output, such as '+0130'. Two letters 
outputs the hour and minute, without a colon, such as '+0130'. Three letters 
outputs the hour and minute, with a colon, such as '+01:30'. Four letters 
outputs the hour and minute and optional second, without a colon, such as 
'+013015'. Five letters outputs the hour and minute and optional second, with a 
colon, such as '+01:30:15'. Six or more letters will fail. Pattern letter 'X' 
(upper case) will output 'Z' when the offset to be output would be zero, 
whereas pattern letter 'x' (lower case) will output '+00', '+0000', or '+00:00'.
 
 - Offset O: This formats the localized offset based on the number of pattern 
letters. One letter outputs the short form of the localized offset, which is 
localized offset text, such as 'GMT', with hour without leading zero, optional 
2-digit minute and second if non-zero, and colon, for example 'GMT+8'. Four 
letters outputs the full form, which is localized offset text, such as 'GMT, 
with 2-digit hour and minute field, optional second field if non-zero, and 
colon, for example 'GMT+08:00'. Any other count of letters will fail.
 
 - Offset Z: This formats the offset based on the number of pattern letters. 
One, two or three letters outputs the hour and minute, without a colon, such as 
'+0130'. The output will be '+0000' when the offset is zero. Four letters 
outputs the full form of localized offset, equivalent to four letters of 
Offset-O. The output will be the corresponding localized offset text if the 
offset is zero. Five letters outputs the hour, minute, with optional second if 
non-zero, with colon. It outputs 'Z' if the offset is zero. Six or more letters 
will fail.
 
+- Optional section start and end: Use `[]` to define an optional section and 
maybe nested.All elements in the optional section are treated as optional.
+  During formatting, the section will be output when data is available.
+  During parsing, the whole section may be missing from the parsed string.
+  An optional section is started by `[` and ended using `]` (or at the end of 
the pattern).
 
 Review comment:
   yea, it is documented in java doc

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