maropu commented on a change in pull request #31349:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/31349#discussion_r565757032



##########
File path: 
sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/AnsiTypeCoercion.scala
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis
+
+import scala.annotation.tailrec
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.TypeCoercion.numericPrecedence
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions._
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.aggregate._
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.LogicalPlan
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.rules.Rule
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types._
+
+/**
+ * In Spark ANSI mode, the type coercion rules are based on the type 
precedence lists of the input
+ * data types.
+ * As per the section "Type precedence list determination" of "ISO/IEC 
9075-2:2011
+ * Information technology - Database languages - SQL - Part 2: Foundation 
(SQL/Foundation)",
+ * the type precedence lists of primitive data types are as following:
+ *   * Byte: Byte, Short, Int, Long, Decimal, Float, Double
+ *   * Short: Short, Int, Long, Decimal, Float, Double
+ *   * Int: Int, Long, Decimal, Float, Double
+ *   * Long: Long, Decimal, Float, Double
+ *   * Decimal: Any wider Numeric type
+ *   * Float: Float, Double
+ *   * Double: Double
+ *   * String: String
+ *   * Date: Date, Timestamp
+ *   * Timestamp: Timestamp
+ *   * Binary: Binary
+ *   * Boolean: Boolean
+ *   * Interval: Interval
+ * As for complex data types, Spark will determine the precedent list 
recursively based on their
+ * sub-types.
+ *
+ * With the definition of type precedent list, the general type coercion rules 
are as following:
+ *   * Data type S is allowed to be implicitly cast as type T iff T is in the 
precedence list of S
+ *   * Comparison is allowed iff the data type precedence list of both sides 
has at least one common
+ *     element. When evaluating the comparison, Spark casts both sides as the 
tightest common data
+ *     type of their precedent lists.
+ *   * There should be at least one common data type among all the children's 
precedence lists for
+ *     the following operators. The data type of the operator is the tightest 
common precedent
+ *     data type.
+ *       * In
+ *       * Except(odd)
+ *       * Intersect
+ *       * Greatest
+ *       * Least
+ *       * Union
+ *       * If
+ *       * CaseWhen
+ *       * CreateArray
+ *       * Array Concat
+ *       * Sequence
+ *       * MapConcat
+ *       * CreateMap
+ *   * For complex types (struct, array, map), Spark recursively looks into 
the element type and
+ *     applies the rules above. If the element nullability is converted from 
true to false, add
+ *     runtime null check to the elements.
+ *  Note: this new type coercion system will allow implicit converting String 
type literals as other
+ *  primitive types, in case of breaking too many existing Spark SQL queries.
+ */
+object AnsiTypeCoercion extends TypeCoercionBase {
+  override def typeCoercionRules: List[Rule[LogicalPlan]] =
+    InConversion ::
+      WidenSetOperationTypes ::
+      PromoteStringLiterals ::
+      DecimalPrecision ::
+      FunctionArgumentConversion ::
+      ConcatCoercion ::
+      MapZipWithCoercion ::
+      EltCoercion ::
+      CaseWhenCoercion ::
+      IfCoercion ::
+      StackCoercion ::
+      Division ::
+      IntegralDivision ::
+      ImplicitTypeCasts ::
+      DateTimeOperations ::
+      WindowFrameCoercion ::
+      StringLiteralCoercion ::
+      Nil
+
+  /**
+   * Find the tightest common type of two types that might be used in a binary 
expression.
+   */
+  override def findTightestCommonType(t1: DataType, t2: DataType): 
Option[DataType] = {
+    (t1, t2) match {
+      case (t1, t2) if t1 == t2 => Some(t1)
+      case (NullType, t1) => Some(t1)
+      case (t1, NullType) => Some(t1)
+
+      case (t1: NumericType, t2: NumericType) =>
+        findTightestCommonNumericType(t1, t2)
+
+      case (_: TimestampType, _: DateType) | (_: DateType, _: TimestampType) =>
+        Some(TimestampType)
+
+      case (t1, t2) => findTypeForComplex(t1, t2, findTightestCommonType)
+    }
+  }
+
+  @tailrec

Review comment:
       Just out of curiosity; the compiler can correctly handle this tail 
recursions? (not sure about if this annotation is really needed  here)

##########
File path: 
sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/Analyzer.scala
##########
@@ -219,6 +219,12 @@ class Analyzer(override val catalogManager: CatalogManager)
    */
   val postHocResolutionRules: Seq[Rule[LogicalPlan]] = Nil
 
+  def typeCoercionRules(): List[Rule[LogicalPlan]] = if (conf.ansiEnabled) {

Review comment:
       `private`

##########
File path: 
sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/AnsiTypeCoercion.scala
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis
+
+import scala.annotation.tailrec
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.TypeCoercion.numericPrecedence
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions._
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.aggregate._
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.LogicalPlan
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.rules.Rule
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types._
+
+/**
+ * In Spark ANSI mode, the type coercion rules are based on the type 
precedence lists of the input
+ * data types.
+ * As per the section "Type precedence list determination" of "ISO/IEC 
9075-2:2011
+ * Information technology - Database languages - SQL - Part 2: Foundation 
(SQL/Foundation)",
+ * the type precedence lists of primitive data types are as following:
+ *   * Byte: Byte, Short, Int, Long, Decimal, Float, Double
+ *   * Short: Short, Int, Long, Decimal, Float, Double
+ *   * Int: Int, Long, Decimal, Float, Double
+ *   * Long: Long, Decimal, Float, Double
+ *   * Decimal: Any wider Numeric type
+ *   * Float: Float, Double
+ *   * Double: Double
+ *   * String: String
+ *   * Date: Date, Timestamp
+ *   * Timestamp: Timestamp
+ *   * Binary: Binary
+ *   * Boolean: Boolean
+ *   * Interval: Interval
+ * As for complex data types, Spark will determine the precedent list 
recursively based on their
+ * sub-types.
+ *
+ * With the definition of type precedent list, the general type coercion rules 
are as following:
+ *   * Data type S is allowed to be implicitly cast as type T iff T is in the 
precedence list of S
+ *   * Comparison is allowed iff the data type precedence list of both sides 
has at least one common
+ *     element. When evaluating the comparison, Spark casts both sides as the 
tightest common data
+ *     type of their precedent lists.
+ *   * There should be at least one common data type among all the children's 
precedence lists for
+ *     the following operators. The data type of the operator is the tightest 
common precedent
+ *     data type.
+ *       * In
+ *       * Except(odd)
+ *       * Intersect
+ *       * Greatest
+ *       * Least
+ *       * Union
+ *       * If
+ *       * CaseWhen
+ *       * CreateArray
+ *       * Array Concat
+ *       * Sequence
+ *       * MapConcat
+ *       * CreateMap
+ *   * For complex types (struct, array, map), Spark recursively looks into 
the element type and
+ *     applies the rules above. If the element nullability is converted from 
true to false, add
+ *     runtime null check to the elements.
+ *  Note: this new type coercion system will allow implicit converting String 
type literals as other
+ *  primitive types, in case of breaking too many existing Spark SQL queries.
+ */
+object AnsiTypeCoercion extends TypeCoercionBase {
+  override def typeCoercionRules: List[Rule[LogicalPlan]] =

Review comment:
       How about defining the common set of the rules in `TypeCoercionBase`? 
What's differences of the ansi/non-ansi are `BooleanEquality` and `EltCoercion`?

##########
File path: 
sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/AnsiTypeCoercion.scala
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis
+
+import scala.annotation.tailrec
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.TypeCoercion.numericPrecedence
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions._
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.aggregate._
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.LogicalPlan
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.rules.Rule
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types._
+
+/**
+ * In Spark ANSI mode, the type coercion rules are based on the type 
precedence lists of the input
+ * data types.
+ * As per the section "Type precedence list determination" of "ISO/IEC 
9075-2:2011
+ * Information technology - Database languages - SQL - Part 2: Foundation 
(SQL/Foundation)",
+ * the type precedence lists of primitive data types are as following:
+ *   * Byte: Byte, Short, Int, Long, Decimal, Float, Double
+ *   * Short: Short, Int, Long, Decimal, Float, Double
+ *   * Int: Int, Long, Decimal, Float, Double
+ *   * Long: Long, Decimal, Float, Double
+ *   * Decimal: Any wider Numeric type
+ *   * Float: Float, Double
+ *   * Double: Double
+ *   * String: String
+ *   * Date: Date, Timestamp
+ *   * Timestamp: Timestamp
+ *   * Binary: Binary
+ *   * Boolean: Boolean
+ *   * Interval: Interval
+ * As for complex data types, Spark will determine the precedent list 
recursively based on their
+ * sub-types.
+ *
+ * With the definition of type precedent list, the general type coercion rules 
are as following:
+ *   * Data type S is allowed to be implicitly cast as type T iff T is in the 
precedence list of S
+ *   * Comparison is allowed iff the data type precedence list of both sides 
has at least one common
+ *     element. When evaluating the comparison, Spark casts both sides as the 
tightest common data
+ *     type of their precedent lists.
+ *   * There should be at least one common data type among all the children's 
precedence lists for
+ *     the following operators. The data type of the operator is the tightest 
common precedent
+ *     data type.
+ *       * In
+ *       * Except(odd)
+ *       * Intersect
+ *       * Greatest
+ *       * Least
+ *       * Union
+ *       * If
+ *       * CaseWhen
+ *       * CreateArray
+ *       * Array Concat
+ *       * Sequence
+ *       * MapConcat
+ *       * CreateMap
+ *   * For complex types (struct, array, map), Spark recursively looks into 
the element type and
+ *     applies the rules above. If the element nullability is converted from 
true to false, add
+ *     runtime null check to the elements.
+ *  Note: this new type coercion system will allow implicit converting String 
type literals as other
+ *  primitive types, in case of breaking too many existing Spark SQL queries.
+ */
+object AnsiTypeCoercion extends TypeCoercionBase {
+  override def typeCoercionRules: List[Rule[LogicalPlan]] =
+    InConversion ::
+      WidenSetOperationTypes ::
+      PromoteStringLiterals ::
+      DecimalPrecision ::
+      FunctionArgumentConversion ::
+      ConcatCoercion ::
+      MapZipWithCoercion ::
+      EltCoercion ::
+      CaseWhenCoercion ::
+      IfCoercion ::
+      StackCoercion ::
+      Division ::
+      IntegralDivision ::
+      ImplicitTypeCasts ::
+      DateTimeOperations ::
+      WindowFrameCoercion ::
+      StringLiteralCoercion ::
+      Nil
+
+  /**
+   * Find the tightest common type of two types that might be used in a binary 
expression.
+   */
+  override def findTightestCommonType(t1: DataType, t2: DataType): 
Option[DataType] = {
+    (t1, t2) match {
+      case (t1, t2) if t1 == t2 => Some(t1)
+      case (NullType, t1) => Some(t1)
+      case (t1, NullType) => Some(t1)
+
+      case (t1: NumericType, t2: NumericType) =>
+        findTightestCommonNumericType(t1, t2)
+
+      case (_: TimestampType, _: DateType) | (_: DateType, _: TimestampType) =>
+        Some(TimestampType)
+
+      case (t1, t2) => findTypeForComplex(t1, t2, findTightestCommonType)
+    }
+  }
+
+  @tailrec
+  private def findTightestCommonNumericType(t1: DataType, t2: DataType): 
Option[DataType] = {
+    (t1, t2) match {
+      case (i: IntegralType, d: DecimalType) =>
+        if (d.isWiderThan(i)) {
+          Some(t2)
+        } else {
+          findTightestCommonNumericType(DecimalType.forType(i), d)
+        }
+
+      case (t1: DecimalType, t2: IntegralType) =>
+        findTightestCommonNumericType(t2, t1)
+
+      case (t1: DecimalType, t2: DecimalType) =>
+        Some(DecimalPrecision.widerDecimalType(t1, t2))
+
+      case (_: FractionalType, _: DecimalType) | (_: DecimalType, _: 
FractionalType) =>
+        Some(DoubleType)
+
+      // Promote numeric types to the highest of the two
+      case (t1: NumericType, t2: NumericType)
+          if !t1.isInstanceOf[DecimalType] && !t2.isInstanceOf[DecimalType] =>
+        val index = numericPrecedence.lastIndexWhere(t => t == t1 || t == t2)
+        val widerType = numericPrecedence(index)
+        if (widerType == FloatType) {
+          // If the input type is an Integral type and a Float type, simply 
return Double type as
+          // the tightest common type to avoid potential precision loss on 
converting the Integral
+          // type as Float type.
+          Some(DoubleType)
+        } else {
+          Some(widerType)
+        }

Review comment:
       Looks we need a default case (`case (t1, t2) =>`)  for a newer scala 
compiler?

##########
File path: 
sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/AnsiTypeCoercion.scala
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis
+
+import scala.annotation.tailrec
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.TypeCoercion.numericPrecedence
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions._
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.aggregate._
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.LogicalPlan
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.rules.Rule
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types._
+
+/**
+ * In Spark ANSI mode, the type coercion rules are based on the type 
precedence lists of the input
+ * data types.
+ * As per the section "Type precedence list determination" of "ISO/IEC 
9075-2:2011
+ * Information technology - Database languages - SQL - Part 2: Foundation 
(SQL/Foundation)",
+ * the type precedence lists of primitive data types are as following:
+ *   * Byte: Byte, Short, Int, Long, Decimal, Float, Double
+ *   * Short: Short, Int, Long, Decimal, Float, Double
+ *   * Int: Int, Long, Decimal, Float, Double
+ *   * Long: Long, Decimal, Float, Double
+ *   * Decimal: Any wider Numeric type
+ *   * Float: Float, Double
+ *   * Double: Double
+ *   * String: String
+ *   * Date: Date, Timestamp
+ *   * Timestamp: Timestamp
+ *   * Binary: Binary
+ *   * Boolean: Boolean
+ *   * Interval: Interval
+ * As for complex data types, Spark will determine the precedent list 
recursively based on their
+ * sub-types.
+ *
+ * With the definition of type precedent list, the general type coercion rules 
are as following:
+ *   * Data type S is allowed to be implicitly cast as type T iff T is in the 
precedence list of S
+ *   * Comparison is allowed iff the data type precedence list of both sides 
has at least one common
+ *     element. When evaluating the comparison, Spark casts both sides as the 
tightest common data
+ *     type of their precedent lists.
+ *   * There should be at least one common data type among all the children's 
precedence lists for
+ *     the following operators. The data type of the operator is the tightest 
common precedent
+ *     data type.
+ *       * In
+ *       * Except(odd)
+ *       * Intersect
+ *       * Greatest
+ *       * Least
+ *       * Union
+ *       * If
+ *       * CaseWhen
+ *       * CreateArray
+ *       * Array Concat
+ *       * Sequence
+ *       * MapConcat
+ *       * CreateMap
+ *   * For complex types (struct, array, map), Spark recursively looks into 
the element type and
+ *     applies the rules above. If the element nullability is converted from 
true to false, add
+ *     runtime null check to the elements.
+ *  Note: this new type coercion system will allow implicit converting String 
type literals as other
+ *  primitive types, in case of breaking too many existing Spark SQL queries.

Review comment:
       The standard says something about this behaviour, too?




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