kazuyukitanimura commented on a change in pull request #33930:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/33930#discussion_r705598219



##########
File path: 
sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/expressions.scala
##########
@@ -290,6 +290,21 @@ object OptimizeIn extends Rule[LogicalPlan] {
  * 4. Removes `Not` operator.
  */
 object BooleanSimplification extends Rule[LogicalPlan] with PredicateHelper {
+  // Given argument x, return true if expression Not(x) can be simplified
+  // E.g. when x == Not(y), Not(x) == Not(Not(y)) == y
+  // For the case of x = EqualTo(a, b), recursively check each child expression
+  // Extra nullable check is required for EqualNullSafe because
+  // Not(EqualNullSafe(x, null)) is different from EqualNullSafe(x, Not(null))
+  private def canSimplifyNot(x: Expression): Boolean = x match {
+    case Literal(_, BooleanType) | Literal(_, NullType) => true
+    case _: Not | _: IsNull | _: IsNotNull | _: And | _: Or => true
+    case _: GreaterThan | _: GreaterThanOrEqual | _: LessThan | _: 
LessThanOrEqual => true
+    case EqualTo(a, b) if canSimplifyNot(a) || canSimplifyNot(b) => true

Review comment:
       Actually the code does not work in the way you described.
   It works like this.
   `Not(EqualTo(a, EqualTo(b, EqualTo(c, d))))` where `d` is optimizable, first 
`canSimplifyNot(a)` or `canSimplifyNot(EqualTo(b, EqualTo(c, d)))` are called 
depending on the case matches here
   
https://github.com/apache/spark/blob/f5d3984c04029bdb7f4f00ef4de25a9e9fbc75cb/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/expressions.scala#L472-L473
   If `a` happens to be optimizable, `canSimplifyNot(a)` returns `true` and it 
propagates `Not` to `a`.
   Otherwise, `canSimplifyNot(EqualTo(b, EqualTo(c, d)))` will call 
`canSimplifyNot(b)` and `canSimplifyNot(EqualTo(c, d))`, then that will call 
`canSimplifyNot(c)` and `canSimplifyNot(d)`.
   Since `d` is optimizable in this example, `canSimplifyNot(d)` returns `true` 
that makes `canSimplifyNot(EqualTo(c, d))` return `true`. Eventually 
`canSimplifyNot(EqualTo(b, EqualTo(c, d)))` returns `true`
   In conclusion, that will match the first one in the above two cases (not the 
second one), i.e. 
https://github.com/apache/spark/blob/f5d3984c04029bdb7f4f00ef4de25a9e9fbc75cb/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/expressions.scala#L472
   After all it will optimize `Not(EqualTo(a, EqualTo(b, EqualTo(c, d))))` => 
`EqualTo(a, Not(EqualTo(b, EqualTo(c, d))))` => `EqualTo(a, EqualTo(b, 
Not(EqualTo(c, d))))` => `EqualTo(a, EqualTo(b, EqualTo(c, Not(d))))` => 
`EqualTo(a, EqualTo(b, EqualTo(c, e)))` where `e` is optimized `Not(d)`




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