viirya commented on a change in pull request #34025:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/34025#discussion_r710536085



##########
File path: 
sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/DataFrameSetOperationsSuite.scala
##########
@@ -1018,6 +1018,23 @@ class DataFrameSetOperationsSuite extends QueryTest with 
SharedSparkSession {
     unionDF = df1.unionByName(df2)
     checkAnswer(unionDF, expected)
   }
+
+  test("SPARK-36673: Incorrect Unions of struct") {
+    val df1 = spark.range(2).withColumn("nested", struct(expr("id * 5 AS 
INNER")))
+    val df2 = spark.range(2).withColumn("nested", struct(expr("id * 5 AS 
inner")))

Review comment:
       Currently it is always case sensitive for the nested fields in structs 
during merging (ref. `StructType.merge`). But for `union`, we don't actually 
want to do a struct merging. For `union`, we don't merge the schema of its 
children for all cases but resolve columns between them (by position or by 
name). 




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