LuciferYang opened a new pull request #34313:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/34313


   ### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
   The following sql has different behavior when using Java 8 and Java 17
   
   ```
   --PostgreSQL throw ERROR:  format specifies argument 0, but arguments are 
numbered from 1
   select format_string('%0$s', 'Hello');
   ```
   
   **Use Java 8**
   
   ```
   -- !query
   select format_string('%0$s', 'Hello')
   -- !query schema
   struct<format_string(%0$s, Hello):string>
   -- !query output
   Hello
   ```
   
   **Use Java 17**
   
   ```
   -- !query
   select format_string('%0$s', 'Hello')
   -- !query schema
   struct<>
   -- !query output
   java.util.IllegalFormatArgumentIndexException
   Illegal format argument index = 0
   ```
   
   The difference in this behavior comes from  the change of 
`j.u.Formatter.FormatSpecifier.index` method: 
   
   Java 8
   
   ```
           private int index(String s) {
               if (s != null) {
                   try {
                       index = Integer.parseInt(s.substring(0, s.length() - 1));
                   } catch (NumberFormatException x) {
                       assert(false);
                   }
               } else {
                   index = 0;
               }
               return index;
           }
   ```
   
   Java 17
   
   ```java
           private void index(String s, int start, int end) {
               if (start >= 0) {
                   try {
                       // skip the trailing '$'
                       index = Integer.parseInt(s, start, end - 1, 10);
                       if (index <= 0) {
                          throw new IllegalFormatArgumentIndexException(index);
                       }
                   } catch (NumberFormatException x) {
                       throw new 
IllegalFormatArgumentIndexException(Integer.MIN_VALUE);
                   }
               }
           }
   ```
   
   A `index <= 0` condition is added here to ensure `%0$` as a  
`IllegalFormatArgumentIndexException` expression.
   
   So the main change of this pr is add the manually replacing `%0$` with `%1$` 
to ensure that Java 17 and Java 8 have the same behavior.
   
   ### Why are the changes needed?
   Pass UT with JDK 17
   
   
   
   
   ### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
   No
   
   
   ### How was this patch tested?
   - Pass the Jenkins or GitHub Action
   


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