Daniel-Davies commented on code in PR #38867:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/38867#discussion_r1087954361


##########
sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/collectionOperations.scala:
##########
@@ -4601,6 +4601,230 @@ case class ArrayExcept(left: Expression, right: 
Expression) extends ArrayBinaryL
     newLeft: Expression, newRight: Expression): ArrayExcept = copy(left = 
newLeft, right = newRight)
 }
 
+@ExpressionDescription(
+  usage = "_FUNC_(x, pos, val) - Places val into index pos of array x (array 
indices start at 1)",
+  examples = """
+    Examples:
+      > SELECT _FUNC_(array(1, 2, 3, 4), 4, 5);
+       [1,2,3,4,5]
+      > SELECT _FUNC_(array(5, 3, 2, 1), -3, 4);
+       [5,4,3,2,1]
+  """,
+  group = "array_funcs",
+  since = "3.4.0")
+case class ArrayInsert(srcArrayExpr: Expression, posExpr: Expression, 
itemExpr: Expression)
+  extends TernaryExpression with ImplicitCastInputTypes with 
ComplexTypeMergingExpression
+    with QueryErrorsBase {
+
+  override def inputTypes: Seq[AbstractDataType] = {
+    (srcArrayExpr.dataType, posExpr.dataType, itemExpr.dataType) match {
+      case (ArrayType(e1, hasNull), e2: IntegralType, e3) if (e2 != LongType) 
=>
+        TypeCoercion.findTightestCommonType(e1, e3) match {
+          case Some(dt) => Seq(ArrayType(dt, hasNull), IntegerType, dt)
+          case _ => Seq.empty
+        }
+      case (e1, e2, e3) => Seq.empty
+    }
+    Seq.empty
+  }
+
+  override def checkInputDataTypes(): TypeCheckResult = {
+    (first.dataType, second.dataType, third.dataType) match {
+      case (_: ArrayType, e2, e3) if e2 != IntegerType =>
+        DataTypeMismatch(
+          errorSubClass = "UNEXPECTED_INPUT_TYPE",
+          messageParameters = Map(
+            "paramIndex" -> "2",
+            "requiredType" -> toSQLType(IntegerType),
+            "inputSql" -> toSQLExpr(second),
+            "inputType" -> toSQLType(second.dataType))
+        )
+      case (ArrayType(e1, _), e2, e3) if e1.sameType(e3) =>
+        TypeCheckResult.TypeCheckSuccess
+      case _ =>
+        DataTypeMismatch(
+          errorSubClass = "ARRAY_FUNCTION_DIFF_TYPES",
+          messageParameters = Map(
+            "functionName" -> toSQLId(prettyName),
+            "dataType" -> toSQLType(ArrayType),
+            "leftType" -> toSQLType(first.dataType),
+            "rightType" -> toSQLType(third.dataType)
+          )
+        )
+    }
+  }
+
+  override def eval(input: InternalRow): Any = {
+    val value1 = first.eval(input)
+    if (value1 != null) {
+      val value2 = second.eval(input)
+      if (value2 != null) {
+        val value3 = third.eval(input)
+        return nullSafeEval(value1, value2, value3)
+      }
+    }
+    null
+  }
+
+  override def nullSafeEval(arr: Any, pos: Any, item: Any): Any = {
+    val baseArr = arr.asInstanceOf[ArrayData]
+    val posInt = pos.asInstanceOf[Int]
+    val arrayElementType = dataType.asInstanceOf[ArrayType].elementType
+
+    val newPosExtendsArrayLeft = posInt < 0 && math.abs(posInt) > 
baseArr.numElements() - 1

Review Comment:
   Hey @zhengruifeng - 100%, thank you for the feedback. I've split it into two 
main codepaths that should now be much easier to grasp rather than one. It's a 
bit more verbose but worth it I think. Let me know if it's still not clear!



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