huaxingao commented on code in PR #44119:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/44119#discussion_r1431953737


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sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/MergeIntoWriter.scala:
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@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql
+
+import org.apache.spark.SparkRuntimeException
+import org.apache.spark.annotation.Experimental
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.UnresolvedRelation
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.Expression
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.{Assignment, DeleteAction, 
InsertAction, InsertStarAction, MergeAction, MergeIntoTable, UpdateAction, 
UpdateStarAction}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.functions.expr
+
+/**
+ * `MergeIntoWriter` provides methods to define and execute merge actions based
+ * on specified conditions.
+ *
+ * @tparam T the type of data in the Dataset.
+ * @param table the name of the target table for the merge operation.
+ * @param ds the source Dataset to merge into the target table.
+ * @param on the merge condition.
+ *
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+@Experimental
+class MergeIntoWriter[T] private[sql] (table: String, ds: Dataset[T], on: 
Column) {
+
+  private val df: DataFrame = ds.toDF()
+
+  private val sparkSession = ds.sparkSession
+
+  private val tableName = 
sparkSession.sessionState.sqlParser.parseMultipartIdentifier(table)
+
+  private val logicalPlan = df.queryExecution.logical
+
+  private[sql] var matchedActions: Seq[MergeAction] = Seq.empty[MergeAction]
+  private[sql] var notMatchedActions: Seq[MergeAction] = Seq.empty[MergeAction]
+  private[sql] var notMatchedBySourceActions: Seq[MergeAction] = 
Seq.empty[MergeAction]
+
+  /**
+   * Initialize a `WhenMatched` action without any condition.
+   *
+   * This `WhenMatched` can be followed by one of the following merge actions:
+   *   - `updateAll`: Update all the target table fields with source dataset 
fields.
+   *   - `update(Map)`: Update all the target table records while changing only
+   *     a subset of fields based on the provided assignment.
+   *   - `delete`: Delete all the target table records.
+   *
+   * @return a new `WhenMatched` object.
+   */
+  def whenMatched(): WhenMatched[T] = {
+    new WhenMatched[T](this, None)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Initialize a `WhenMatched` action with a condition.
+   *
+   * This `WhenMatched` action will be executed if and only if the specified 
`condition`
+   * is satisfied.
+   *
+   * This `WhenMatched` can be followed by one of the following merge actions:
+   *   - `updateAll`: Update all the target table fields with source dataset 
fields.
+   *   - `update(Map)`: Update all the target table records while changing only
+   *     a subset of fields based on the provided assignment.
+   *   - `delete`: Delete all the target table records.
+   *
+   * @param condition a `Column` representing the condition to be evaluated 
for the action.
+   * @return a new `WhenMatched` object configured with the specified 
condition.
+   */
+  def whenMatched(condition: Column): WhenMatched[T] = {
+    new WhenMatched[T](this, Some(condition.expr))
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Initialize a `WhenNotMatched` action without any condition.
+   *
+   * This `WhenNotMatched` can be followed by one of the following merge 
actions:
+   *   - `insertAll`: Insert all the target table with source dataset records.
+   *   - `insert(Map)`: Insert all the target table records while changing only
+   *     a subset of fields based on the provided assignment.
+   *
+   * @return a new `WhenNotMatched` object.
+   */
+  def whenNotMatched(): WhenNotMatched[T] = {
+    new WhenNotMatched[T](this, None)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Initialize a `WhenNotMatched` action with a condition.
+   *
+   * This `WhenNotMatched` action will be executed if and only if the 
specified `condition`
+   * is satisfied.
+   *
+   * This `WhenNotMatched` can be followed by one of the following merge 
actions:
+   *   - `insertAll`: Insert all the target table with source dataset records.
+   *   - `insert(Map)`: Insert all the target table records while changing only
+   *     a subset of fields based on the provided assignment.
+   *
+   * @param condition a `Column` representing the condition to be evaluated 
for the action.
+   * @return a new `WhenNotMatched` object configured with the specified 
condition.
+   */
+  def whenNotMatched(condition: Column): WhenNotMatched[T] = {
+    new WhenNotMatched[T](this, Some(condition.expr))
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Initialize a `WhenNotMatchedBySource` action without any condition.
+   *
+   * This `WhenNotMatchedBySource` can be followed by one of the following 
merge actions:
+   *   - `updateAll`: Update all the target table fields with source dataset 
fields.
+   *   - `update(Map)`: Update all the target table records while changing only
+   *     a subset of fields based on the provided assignment.
+   *   - `delete`: Delete all the target table records.
+   *
+   * @return a new `WhenNotMatchedBySource` object.
+   */
+  def whenNotMatchedBySource(): WhenNotMatchedBySource[T] = {
+    new WhenNotMatchedBySource[T](this, None)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Initialize a `WhenNotMatchedBySource` action with a condition.
+   *
+   * This `WhenNotMatchedBySource` action will be executed if and only if the 
specified `condition`
+   * is satisfied.
+   *
+   * This `WhenNotMatchedBySource` can be followed by one of the following 
merge actions:
+   *   - `updateAll`: Update all the target table fields with source dataset 
fields.
+   *   - `update(Map)`: Update all the target table records while changing only
+   *     a subset of fields based on the provided assignment.
+   *   - `delete`: Delete all the target table records.
+   *
+   * @param condition a `Column` representing the condition to be evaluated 
for the action.
+   * @return a new `WhenNotMatchedBySource` object configured with the 
specified condition.
+   */
+  def whenNotMatchedBySource(condition: Column): WhenNotMatchedBySource[T] = {
+    new WhenNotMatchedBySource[T](this, Some(condition.expr))
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Executes the merge operation.
+   */
+  def merge(): Unit = {
+    if (matchedActions.isEmpty && notMatchedActions.isEmpty && 
notMatchedBySourceActions.isEmpty) {
+      throw new SparkRuntimeException(
+        errorClass = "NO_MERGE_ACTION_SPECIFIED",
+        messageParameters = Map.empty)
+    }
+
+    val merge = MergeIntoTable(
+      UnresolvedRelation(tableName),
+      logicalPlan,
+      on.expr,
+      matchedActions,
+      notMatchedActions,
+      notMatchedBySourceActions)
+    val qe = sparkSession.sessionState.executePlan(merge)
+    qe.assertCommandExecuted()
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A class for defining actions to be taken when matching rows in a DataFrame 
during
+ * a merge operation.
+ *
+ * @param mergeIntoWriter   The MergeIntoWriter instance responsible for 
writing data to a
+ *                          target DataFrame.
+ * @param condition         An optional condition Expression that specifies 
when the actions
+ *                          should be applied.
+ *                          If the condition is None, the actions will be 
applied to all matched
+ *                          rows.
+ *
+ * @tparam T                The type of data in the MergeIntoWriter.
+ */
+case class WhenMatched[T] private[sql](

Review Comment:
   I want to keep `mergeIntoWriter` simple. I prefer to keep the current 
implementation if you don't mind.



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