uros-db commented on code in PR #45216:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/45216#discussion_r1509076371


##########
sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/CollationSuite.scala:
##########
@@ -183,6 +183,266 @@ class CollationSuite extends DatasourceV2SQLBase {
     }
   }
 
+  test("checkCollation throws exception for incompatible collationIds") {
+    val left: String = "abc" // collate with 'UNICODE_CI'
+    val leftCollationName: String = "UNICODE_CI";
+    var right: String = null // collate with 'UNICODE'
+    val rightCollationName: String = "UNICODE";
+    // contains
+    right = left.substring(1, 2);
+    checkError(
+      exception = intercept[SparkException] {
+        spark.sql(s"SELECT contains(collate('$left', '$leftCollationName')," +
+          s"collate('$right', '$rightCollationName'))").collect()
+      },
+      errorClass = "COLLATION_MISMATCH",
+      sqlState = "42K09",
+      parameters = Map(
+        "collationNameLeft" -> s"$leftCollationName",
+        "collationNameRight" -> s"$rightCollationName"
+      )
+    )
+    // startsWith
+    right = left.substring(0, 1);
+    checkError(
+      exception = intercept[SparkException] {
+        spark.sql(s"SELECT startsWith(collate('$left', '$leftCollationName')," 
+
+          s"collate('$right', '$rightCollationName'))").collect()
+      },
+      errorClass = "COLLATION_MISMATCH",
+      sqlState = "42K09",
+      parameters = Map(
+        "collationNameLeft" -> s"$leftCollationName",
+        "collationNameRight" -> s"$rightCollationName"
+      )
+    )
+    // endsWith
+    right = left.substring(2, 3);
+    checkError(
+      exception = intercept[SparkException] {
+        spark.sql(s"SELECT endsWith(collate('$left', '$leftCollationName')," +
+          s"collate('$right', '$rightCollationName'))").collect()
+      },
+      errorClass = "COLLATION_MISMATCH",
+      sqlState = "42K09",
+      parameters = Map(
+        "collationNameLeft" -> s"$leftCollationName",
+        "collationNameRight" -> s"$rightCollationName"
+      )
+    )
+  }
+
+  test("Support contains string expression with Collation") {
+    // Test 'contains' with different collations
+    var listLeft: List[String] = List()
+    var listRight: List[String] = List()
+    var listResult: List[Boolean] = List()
+
+    // UCS_BASIC (default) & UNICODE collation
+    listLeft = List("", "c", "abc", "cde", "abde", "abcde", "C", "ABC", "CDE", 
"ABDE", "ABCDE")
+    listRight = List("", "c", "abc", "cde", "abde", "abcde", "C", "ABC", 
"CDE", "ABDE", "ABCDE")
+    listResult = List(
+    //  ""     c     abc    cde   abde  abcde    C     ABC    CDE    ABDE  
ABCDE
+      true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 
false, //  ""
+      true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 
false,  //   c
+      true, true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 
false,   // abc
+      true, true, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, 
false,   //   cde
+      true, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, 
false,  // abde
+      true, true, true, true, false, true, false, false, false, false, false,  
   // abcde
+      true, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, 
false,  //   C
+      true, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, 
false,   // ABC
+      true, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, true, false, 
false,   //   CDE
+      true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, 
false,  // ABDE
+      true, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, true, false, true)  
   // ABCDE

Review Comment:
   while it may seem a bit unusual, I think this matrix approach covers a broad 
spectrum of test cases and generally works really well for this set of 
functions - covering various edge-cases and different collation types (this was 
especially useful when debugging and experimenting with new collations) ex. 
imagine throwing Serbian (ć, Ć) or German collations (ä, Ä) into the mix with 
other possible `abc`s
   
   when I first wrote it as a standard linear set of tests, it was much harder 
to see how and why these functions behave the way they do with different 
collations, while this nicely aligned matrix gives a pretty clear overiview all 
in one place (in addition, previously it was easy to miss something and not 
cover all cases, and also hard-coding the expected results was extra-tedious)



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