cloud-fan commented on code in PR #45383:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/45383#discussion_r1530316018


##########
sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/TypeCoercion.scala:
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@@ -764,6 +773,184 @@ abstract class TypeCoercionBase {
     }
   }
 
+  object CollationTypeCasts extends TypeCoercionRule {
+    override val transform: PartialFunction[Expression, Expression] = {
+      case e if !e.childrenResolved => e
+
+      case checkCastWithIndeterminate: Concat
+        if shouldCast(checkCastWithIndeterminate.children) =>
+        val newChildren =
+          collateToSingleType(checkCastWithIndeterminate.children, 
failOnIndeterminate = false)
+        checkCastWithIndeterminate.withNewChildren(newChildren)
+
+      case checkCastWithoutIndeterminate@(_: BinaryExpression | _: In | _: 
SortOrder)
+        if shouldCast(checkCastWithoutIndeterminate.children) =>
+        val newChildren = 
collateToSingleType(checkCastWithoutIndeterminate.children)
+        checkCastWithoutIndeterminate.withNewChildren(newChildren)
+
+      case checkIndeterminate@(_: BinaryExpression | _: In | _: SortOrder)
+        if hasIndeterminate(checkIndeterminate.children
+          .filter(e => hasStringType(e.dataType))
+          .map(e => extractStringType(e.dataType))) =>
+        throw QueryCompilationErrors.indeterminateCollationError()
+
+      case checkImplicitCastInputTypes: ImplicitCastInputTypes
+        if checkImplicitCastInputTypes.children.exists(e => 
hasStringType(e.dataType))
+          && checkImplicitCastInputTypes.inputTypes.nonEmpty =>
+        val collationId: Int =
+          getOutputCollation(checkImplicitCastInputTypes
+            .children.filter { e => hasStringType(e.dataType) })
+        val children: Seq[Expression] = checkImplicitCastInputTypes
+          .children.zip(checkImplicitCastInputTypes.inputTypes).map {
+            case (e, st) if hasStringType(st) =>
+              castStringType(e, collationId, Some(st)).getOrElse(e)
+            case (e, TypeCollection(types)) if types.exists(hasStringType) =>
+              types.flatMap{ dt =>
+                if (hasStringType(dt)) {
+                  castStringType(e, collationId, Some(dt))
+                } else {
+                  implicitCast(e, dt)
+                }
+              }.headOption.getOrElse(e)
+            case (in, expected) => implicitCast(in, expected).getOrElse(in)
+          }
+        checkImplicitCastInputTypes.withNewChildren(children)
+
+      case checkExpectsInputType: ExpectsInputTypes

Review Comment:
   If all the problems come from `Concat`, shall we require all its inputs to 
be the same collation in the first version? It's unclear to me how useful is 
the pgsql semantic for concat.



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