sahnib commented on code in PR #45778:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/45778#discussion_r1548037943


##########
sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/streaming/state/RocksDBStateEncoder.scala:
##########
@@ -276,53 +283,113 @@ class RangeKeyScanStateEncoder(
     rangeScanKeyProjection(key)
   }
 
+  // bit masks used for checking sign or flipping all bits for negative 
float/double values
+  private val floatFlipBitMask = 0xFFFFFFFF
+  private val floatSignBitMask = 0x80000000
+
+  private val doubleFlipBitMask = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL
+  private val doubleSignBitMask = 0x8000000000000000L
+
+  // Byte markers used to identify whether the value is null, negative or 
positive
+  // To ensure sorted ordering, we use the lowest byte value for negative 
numbers followed by
+  // positive numbers and then null values.
+  private val negativeValMarker: Byte = 0x00.toByte
+  private val positiveValMarker: Byte = 0x01.toByte
+  private val nullValMarker: Byte = 0x02.toByte
+
   // Rewrite the unsafe row by replacing fixed size fields with BIG_ENDIAN 
encoding
   // using byte arrays.
   // To handle "null" values, we prepend a byte to the byte array indicating 
whether the value
-  // is null or not. If the value is null, we write the null byte followed by 
a zero byte.
+  // is null or not. If the value is null, we write the null byte followed by 
zero bytes.
   // If the value is not null, we write the null byte followed by the value.
   // Note that setting null for the index on the unsafeRow is not feasible as 
it would change
   // the sorting order on iteration.
+  // Also note that the same byte is used to indicate whether the value is 
negative or not.
   private def encodePrefixKeyForRangeScan(row: UnsafeRow): UnsafeRow = {
     val writer = new UnsafeRowWriter(numOrderingCols)
     writer.resetRowWriter()
     rangeScanKeyFieldsWithIdx.foreach { case (field, idx) =>
       val value = row.get(idx, field.dataType)
-      val isNullCol: Byte = if (value == null) 0x01.toByte else 0x00.toByte
+      // initialize the value to indicate positive value to begin with
+      var isNullOrSignCol: Byte = positiveValMarker
+      // Update the isNullOrSignCol byte (if required) to indicate null value
+      if (value == null) {
+        isNullOrSignCol = nullValMarker
+      }
       // Note that we cannot allocate a smaller buffer here even if the value 
is null
       // because the effective byte array is considered variable size and 
needs to have
       // the same size across all rows for the ordering to work as expected.
       val bbuf = ByteBuffer.allocate(field.dataType.defaultSize + 1)
       bbuf.order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN)
-      bbuf.put(isNullCol)
-      if (isNullCol == 0x01.toByte) {
+      if (isNullOrSignCol == nullValMarker) {
+        bbuf.put(isNullOrSignCol)
         writer.write(idx, bbuf.array())
       } else {
         field.dataType match {
           case BooleanType =>
           case ByteType =>
+            bbuf.put(isNullOrSignCol)
             bbuf.put(value.asInstanceOf[Byte])
             writer.write(idx, bbuf.array())
 
-          // for other multi-byte types, we need to convert to big-endian
           case ShortType =>
+            if (value.asInstanceOf[Short] < 0) {
+              isNullOrSignCol = negativeValMarker
+            }
+            bbuf.put(isNullOrSignCol)
             bbuf.putShort(value.asInstanceOf[Short])
             writer.write(idx, bbuf.array())

Review Comment:
   I missed the `putShort, putInt, putLong` difference. We can keep it as is. 



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