szehon-ho commented on code in PR #52491:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/52491#discussion_r2393531931


##########
sql/api/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/types/CrsMappings.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.types;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+
+/*
+ * Class for maintaining mappings between supported SRID values and the string 
ID of the
+ * corresponding CRS.
+ */
+public class CrsMappings {
+
+  // We implement this class as a singleton (we disallow construction).
+  private CrsMappings() {}
+
+  private static CrsMappings instance = new CrsMappings();

Review Comment:
   also , question is it worth to make get() lazily or not?  (else why not just 
expose INSTANCE)



##########
sql/api/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/types/GeographyType.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.types
+
+import org.json4s.JsonAST.{JString, JValue}
+
+import org.apache.spark.SparkIllegalArgumentException
+import org.apache.spark.annotation.Experimental
+
+/**
+ * The data type representing GEOGRAPHY values which are spatial objects, as 
defined in the
+ * Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Simple Feature Access specification
+ * (https://portal.ogc.org/files/?artifact_id=25355), with a geographic 
coordinate system.
+ */
+@Experimental
+class GeographyType private (val crs: String, val algorithm: 
EdgeInterpolationAlgorithm)
+  extends AtomicType
+    with Serializable {
+
+  /**
+   * Spatial Reference Identifier (SRID) value of the geography type.
+   */
+  val srid: Int = toSrid(crs)
+
+  /**
+   * The default size of a value of the GeographyType is 2048 bytes, which can 
store roughly 120
+   * 2D points.
+   */
+  override def defaultSize: Int = 2048
+
+  /**
+   * The GeographyType is a mixed SRID type iff the SRID is 
GEOGRAPHY_MIXED_SRID.
+   * Semantically, this means that different SRID values per row are allowed.
+   */
+  def isMixedSrid: Boolean = srid == GeographyType.GEOGRAPHY_MIXED_SRID
+
+  /**
+   * Type name that is displayed to users.
+   */
+  override def typeName: String = {
+    if (isMixedSrid) {
+      // The mixed SRID type is displayed with a special specifier value "ANY".
+      "geography(any)"
+    } else {
+      // The fixed SRID type is always displayed with the appropriate SRID 
value.
+      s"geography($srid)"
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * String representation of the GeographyType, which uses SRID for fixed 
SRID types and "ANY"
+   * for mixed SRID types, providing a clear and concise user-friendly format 
for this type.
+   */
+  override def toString: String = {
+    if (isMixedSrid) {
+      // The mixed SRID type is displayed with a special specifier value "ANY".
+      "GeographyType(ANY)"
+    } else {
+      // The fixed SRID type is always displayed with the appropriate SRID 
value.
+      s"GeographyType($srid)"
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * JSON representation of the GeographyType, which uses the CRS string and 
edge interpolation
+   * algorithm string, in line with the current storage specifications (e.g. 
Parquet, Delta,
+   * Iceberg). Note that mixed SRID is disallowed, and only fixed SRID types 
can be stored. This
+   * is also in accordance to storage formats.
+   */
+  override def jsonValue: JValue = JString(s"geography($crs, $algorithm)")
+
+  private[spark] override def asNullable: GeographyType = this
+
+  /**
+   * Two types are considered equal iff they are both GeographyTypes and have 
the same SRID value.
+   */
+  override def equals(obj: Any): Boolean = {
+    obj match {
+      case g: GeographyType =>
+        // Iff two GeographyTypes have the same SRID, they are considered 
equal.
+        g.srid == srid

Review Comment:
   do we need to check alg?



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