szehon-ho commented on code in PR #55991:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/55991#discussion_r3283516195


##########
sql/pipelines/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/pipelines/autocdc/Scd1BatchProcessor.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.pipelines.autocdc
+
+import org.apache.spark.SparkException
+import org.apache.spark.sql.{functions => F, AnalysisException}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Column
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.util.QuotingUtils
+import org.apache.spark.sql.classic.DataFrame
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.{DataType, StructField, StructType}
+import org.apache.spark.util.ArrayImplicits._
+
+/**
+ * Per-microbatch processor for SCD Type 1 AutoCDC flows, complying to the 
specified [[changeArgs]]
+ * configuration.
+ *
+ * @param changeArgs The CDC flow configuration.
+ * @param resolvedSequencingType The post-analysis [[DataType]] of the 
sequencing column, derived
+ *                               from the flow's resolved DataFrame at flow 
setup time.
+ */
+case class Scd1BatchProcessor(
+    changeArgs: ChangeArgs,
+    resolvedSequencingType: DataType) {
+
+  /**
+   * Deduplicate the incoming CDC microbatch by key, keeping the most recent 
event per key
+   * as ordered by [[ChangeArgs.sequencing]].
+   *
+   * For SCD1 we only care about the most recent (by sequence value) event per 
key. When
+   * multiple events share the same key and the same sequence value, the row 
selected is
+   * non-deterministic and undefined.
+   *
+   * The schema of the returned dataframe matches the schema of the microbatch 
exactly.
+   */
+  def deduplicateMicrobatch(microbatchDf: DataFrame): DataFrame = {
+    // The `max_by` API can only return a single column, so pack/unpack the 
entire row into a
+    // temporary column before and after the `max_by` operation.
+    val winningRowCol = OutOfOrderCdcMergeUtils.tempColName("__winning_row")
+
+    val allMicrobatchColumns =
+      microbatchDf.columns
+        .map(colName => F.col(QuotingUtils.quoteIdentifier(colName)))
+        .toImmutableArraySeq
+
+    microbatchDf
+      .groupBy(changeArgs.keys.map(k => F.col(k.quoted)): _*)
+      .agg(
+        F.max_by(F.struct(allMicrobatchColumns: _*), changeArgs.sequencing)
+          .as(winningRowCol)
+      )
+      .select(F.col(s"$winningRowCol.*"))
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Project the CDC metadata column onto the microbatch.
+   *
+   * The returned dataframe has all of the columns in the input microbatch + 
the CDC metadata
+   * column.
+   */
+  def extendMicrobatchRowsWithCdcMetadata(microbatchDf: DataFrame): DataFrame 
= {
+    // Proactively validate the reserved CDC metadata column does not exist in 
the microbatch.
+    validateCdcMetadataColumnNotPresent(microbatchDf)
+
+    val rowDeleteSequence: Column = changeArgs.deleteCondition match {
+      case Some(deleteCondition) =>
+        F.when(deleteCondition, changeArgs.sequencing).otherwise(F.lit(null))
+      case None =>
+        F.lit(null)
+    }
+
+    val rowUpsertSequence: Column =
+      // A row that is not a delete must be an upsert, these are mutually 
exclusive and a complete
+      // set of CDC event types.
+      F.when(rowDeleteSequence.isNull, 
changeArgs.sequencing).otherwise(F.lit(null))
+
+    microbatchDf.withColumn(
+      Scd1BatchProcessor.cdcMetadataColName,
+      Scd1BatchProcessor.constructCdcMetadataCol(
+        deleteSequence = rowDeleteSequence,
+        upsertSequence = rowUpsertSequence,
+        sequencingType = resolvedSequencingType
+      )
+    )
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Project the user-defined column selection onto the microbatch. By this 
point the input
+   * microbatch should already have projected its CDC metadata, because it's 
possible that the
+   * user-defined column selection drops columns that are otherwise necessary 
to compute the
+   * CDC metadata.
+   *
+   * Returned dataframe's schema is: all of the user-selected columns in the 
input dataframe as per
+   * [[ChangeArgs.columnSelection]] + the CDC metadata column.
+   */
+  def projectTargetColumnsOntoMicrobatch(microbatchWithCdcMetadataDf: 
DataFrame): DataFrame = {
+    val ignoreColumnNameCase =
+      
!microbatchWithCdcMetadataDf.sparkSession.sessionState.conf.caseSensitiveAnalysis
+
+    // Calculate the schema of the microbatch less the system-projected CDC 
metadata column, i.e.
+    // the The user schema is the microbatch's schema after dropping the 
system columns - i.e the
+    // CDC metadata column.
+
+    // We project out the system columns before applying user selection and 
project back in
+    // afterwards, so that users cannot control whether these [necessary] 
columns show up in the
+    // target table.
+    val userColumnsInMicrobatchSchema = ColumnSelection.applyToSchema(
+      schemaName = "microbatch",
+      schema = microbatchWithCdcMetadataDf.schema,
+      columnSelection = Some(
+        ColumnSelection.ExcludeColumns(
+          Seq(UnqualifiedColumnName(Scd1BatchProcessor.cdcMetadataColName))
+        )
+      ),
+      ignoreCase = ignoreColumnNameCase
+    )
+
+    val userSelectedColumnsInMicrobatchSchema =
+      ColumnSelection.applyToSchema(
+        schemaName = "microbatch",
+        schema = userColumnsInMicrobatchSchema,
+        columnSelection = changeArgs.columnSelection,

Review Comment:
   **Question:** `columnSelection` can remove key columns (e.g. 
`ExcludeColumns` on a key, or a narrow `IncludeColumns` that omits keys). Will 
a later merge step still need those columns on this DataFrame?
   
   If keys must remain until after merge, we should validate here (or when 
constructing `ChangeArgs`) that `changeArgs.keys` are not dropped. If merge 
runs before projection, or keys are re-injected elsewhere, could you add a 
brief note in the scaladoc on the expected pipeline order?



##########
sql/pipelines/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/pipelines/autocdc/Scd1BatchProcessor.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.pipelines.autocdc
+
+import org.apache.spark.SparkException
+import org.apache.spark.sql.{functions => F, AnalysisException}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Column
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.util.QuotingUtils
+import org.apache.spark.sql.classic.DataFrame
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.{DataType, StructField, StructType}
+import org.apache.spark.util.ArrayImplicits._
+
+/**
+ * Per-microbatch processor for SCD Type 1 AutoCDC flows, complying to the 
specified [[changeArgs]]
+ * configuration.
+ *
+ * @param changeArgs The CDC flow configuration.
+ * @param resolvedSequencingType The post-analysis [[DataType]] of the 
sequencing column, derived
+ *                               from the flow's resolved DataFrame at flow 
setup time.
+ */
+case class Scd1BatchProcessor(
+    changeArgs: ChangeArgs,
+    resolvedSequencingType: DataType) {
+
+  /**
+   * Deduplicate the incoming CDC microbatch by key, keeping the most recent 
event per key
+   * as ordered by [[ChangeArgs.sequencing]].
+   *
+   * For SCD1 we only care about the most recent (by sequence value) event per 
key. When
+   * multiple events share the same key and the same sequence value, the row 
selected is
+   * non-deterministic and undefined.
+   *
+   * The schema of the returned dataframe matches the schema of the microbatch 
exactly.
+   */
+  def deduplicateMicrobatch(microbatchDf: DataFrame): DataFrame = {
+    // The `max_by` API can only return a single column, so pack/unpack the 
entire row into a
+    // temporary column before and after the `max_by` operation.
+    val winningRowCol = OutOfOrderCdcMergeUtils.tempColName("__winning_row")
+
+    val allMicrobatchColumns =
+      microbatchDf.columns
+        .map(colName => F.col(QuotingUtils.quoteIdentifier(colName)))
+        .toImmutableArraySeq
+
+    microbatchDf
+      .groupBy(changeArgs.keys.map(k => F.col(k.quoted)): _*)
+      .agg(
+        F.max_by(F.struct(allMicrobatchColumns: _*), changeArgs.sequencing)
+          .as(winningRowCol)
+      )
+      .select(F.col(s"$winningRowCol.*"))
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Project the CDC metadata column onto the microbatch.
+   *
+   * The returned dataframe has all of the columns in the input microbatch + 
the CDC metadata
+   * column.
+   */
+  def extendMicrobatchRowsWithCdcMetadata(microbatchDf: DataFrame): DataFrame 
= {
+    // Proactively validate the reserved CDC metadata column does not exist in 
the microbatch.
+    validateCdcMetadataColumnNotPresent(microbatchDf)
+
+    val rowDeleteSequence: Column = changeArgs.deleteCondition match {
+      case Some(deleteCondition) =>
+        F.when(deleteCondition, changeArgs.sequencing).otherwise(F.lit(null))
+      case None =>
+        F.lit(null)
+    }
+
+    val rowUpsertSequence: Column =
+      // A row that is not a delete must be an upsert, these are mutually 
exclusive and a complete
+      // set of CDC event types.
+      F.when(rowDeleteSequence.isNull, 
changeArgs.sequencing).otherwise(F.lit(null))
+
+    microbatchDf.withColumn(
+      Scd1BatchProcessor.cdcMetadataColName,
+      Scd1BatchProcessor.constructCdcMetadataCol(
+        deleteSequence = rowDeleteSequence,
+        upsertSequence = rowUpsertSequence,
+        sequencingType = resolvedSequencingType
+      )
+    )
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Project the user-defined column selection onto the microbatch. By this 
point the input
+   * microbatch should already have projected its CDC metadata, because it's 
possible that the
+   * user-defined column selection drops columns that are otherwise necessary 
to compute the
+   * CDC metadata.
+   *
+   * Returned dataframe's schema is: all of the user-selected columns in the 
input dataframe as per
+   * [[ChangeArgs.columnSelection]] + the CDC metadata column.
+   */
+  def projectTargetColumnsOntoMicrobatch(microbatchWithCdcMetadataDf: 
DataFrame): DataFrame = {
+    val ignoreColumnNameCase =
+      
!microbatchWithCdcMetadataDf.sparkSession.sessionState.conf.caseSensitiveAnalysis
+
+    // Calculate the schema of the microbatch less the system-projected CDC 
metadata column, i.e.
+    // the The user schema is the microbatch's schema after dropping the 
system columns - i.e the

Review Comment:
   **Nit:** typo in comment — `the The user schema` → e.g. `The user schema is 
the microbatch schema after dropping the system CDC metadata column.`



##########
sql/pipelines/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/pipelines/autocdc/Scd1BatchProcessorSuite.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.pipelines.autocdc
+
+import org.apache.spark.SparkFunSuite
+import org.apache.spark.sql.{functions => F, AnalysisException, Row}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.classic.DataFrame
+import org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SQLConf
+import org.apache.spark.sql.test.SharedSparkSession
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types._
+
+class Scd1BatchProcessorSuite extends SparkFunSuite with SharedSparkSession {
+
+  /**
+   * Test Schema for a microbatch that already has the SCD1 CDC metadata 
column projected.
+   */
+  private val microbatchWithCdcMetadataSchema: StructType = new StructType()
+    .add("id", IntegerType)
+    .add("name", StringType)
+    .add("age", IntegerType)
+    .add(
+      Scd1BatchProcessor.cdcMetadataColName,
+      new StructType()
+        .add(Scd1BatchProcessor.cdcDeleteSequenceFieldName, LongType)
+        .add(Scd1BatchProcessor.cdcUpsertSequenceFieldName, LongType)
+    )
+
+  /** Build a microbatch [[DataFrame]] from explicit rows and an explicit 
schema. */
+  private def microbatchOf(schema: StructType)(rows: Row*): DataFrame =
+    spark.createDataFrame(spark.sparkContext.parallelize(rows), schema)
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the `(name, dataType)` pairs of `schema`'s fields. Used to 
compare two schemas for
+   * structural equivalence while deliberately ignoring nullability and 
metadata, which can shift
+   * benignly when columns are unpacked from a struct.
+   */
+  private def columnNamesAndDataTypes(schema: StructType): Seq[(String, 
DataType)] =
+    schema.fields.map(f => (f.name, f.dataType)).toSeq
+
+  test("deduplicateMicrobatch keeps only the row with the largest sequence 
value per key") {
+    val schema = new StructType()
+      .add("id", IntegerType)
+      .add("seq", LongType)
+      .add("value", StringType)
+
+    val batch = microbatchOf(schema)(
+      Row(1, 10L, "first"),
+      Row(1, 30L, "winner"),
+      Row(1, 20L, "middle")
+    )
+
+    val processor = Scd1BatchProcessor(
+      changeArgs = ChangeArgs(
+        keys = Seq(UnqualifiedColumnName("id")),
+        sequencing = F.col("seq"),
+        storedAsScdType = ScdType.Type1
+      ),
+      resolvedSequencingType = LongType
+    )
+
+    checkAnswer(
+      df = processor.deduplicateMicrobatch(batch),
+      expectedAnswer = Row(1, 30L, "winner")
+    )
+  }
+
+  test("deduplicateMicrobatch processes multiple keys independently") {
+    val schema = new StructType()
+      .add("id", IntegerType)
+      .add("seq", LongType)
+      .add("value", StringType)
+
+    val batch = microbatchOf(schema)(
+      Row(1, 10L, "a1"),
+      Row(2, 50L, "b1-winner"),
+      Row(1, 20L, "a2-winner"),
+      Row(2, 40L, "b2-loser"),
+      Row(3, 1L, "c1-only")
+    )
+
+    val processor = Scd1BatchProcessor(
+      changeArgs = ChangeArgs(
+        keys = Seq(UnqualifiedColumnName("id")),
+        sequencing = F.col("seq"),
+        storedAsScdType = ScdType.Type1
+      ),
+      resolvedSequencingType = LongType
+    )
+
+    checkAnswer(
+      df = processor.deduplicateMicrobatch(batch),
+      expectedAnswer = Seq(
+        Row(1, 20L, "a2-winner"),
+        Row(2, 50L, "b1-winner"),
+        Row(3, 1L, "c1-only")
+      )
+    )
+  }
+
+  test("deduplicateMicrobatch carries non-key, non-sequence columns from the 
winning row") {
+    val schema = new StructType()
+      .add("id", IntegerType)
+      .add("seq", LongType)
+      .add("name", StringType)
+      .add("amount", IntegerType)
+
+    val batch = microbatchOf(schema)(
+      Row(1, 10L, "old-name", 100),
+      Row(1, 20L, "winning-name", 200)
+    )
+
+    val processor = Scd1BatchProcessor(
+      changeArgs = ChangeArgs(
+        keys = Seq(UnqualifiedColumnName("id")),
+        sequencing = F.col("seq"),
+        storedAsScdType = ScdType.Type1
+      ),
+      resolvedSequencingType = LongType
+    )
+
+    // All non-key columns must come from the row with the largest sequence 
value, never
+    // a mix of values from multiple rows.
+    checkAnswer(
+      df = processor.deduplicateMicrobatch(batch),
+      expectedAnswer = Row(1, 20L, "winning-name", 200)
+    )
+  }
+
+  test("deduplicateMicrobatch supports composite (multi-column) keys") {
+    val schema = new StructType()
+      .add("region", StringType)
+      .add("customer_id", IntegerType)
+      .add("seq", LongType)
+      .add("value", StringType)
+
+    val batch = microbatchOf(schema)(
+      Row("US", 1, 10L, "us1-old"),
+      Row("US", 1, 20L, "us1-new"),
+      // Same customer_id as above but different region: independent group.
+      Row("EU", 1, 5L, "eu1-only"),
+      // Same region as above but different customer_id: independent group.
+      Row("US", 2, 99L, "us2-only")
+    )
+
+    val processor = Scd1BatchProcessor(
+      changeArgs = ChangeArgs(
+        keys = Seq(UnqualifiedColumnName("region"), 
UnqualifiedColumnName("customer_id")),
+        sequencing = F.col("seq"),
+        storedAsScdType = ScdType.Type1
+      ),
+      resolvedSequencingType = LongType
+    )
+
+    checkAnswer(
+      df = processor.deduplicateMicrobatch(batch),
+      expectedAnswer = Seq(
+        Row("US", 1, 20L, "us1-new"),
+        Row("EU", 1, 5L, "eu1-only"),
+        Row("US", 2, 99L, "us2-only")
+      )
+    )
+  }
+
+  test("deduplicateMicrobatch supports literal-dot column names") {
+    val schema = new StructType()
+      .add("user.id", IntegerType)
+      .add("seq", LongType)
+      .add("event.value", StringType)
+
+    val batch = microbatchOf(schema)(
+      Row(1, 10L, "old"),
+      Row(1, 20L, "new")
+    )
+
+    val processor = Scd1BatchProcessor(
+      changeArgs = ChangeArgs(
+        keys = Seq(UnqualifiedColumnName("`user.id`")),
+        sequencing = F.col("seq"),
+        storedAsScdType = ScdType.Type1
+      ),
+      resolvedSequencingType = LongType
+    )
+
+    checkAnswer(
+      df = processor.deduplicateMicrobatch(batch),
+      expectedAnswer = Row(1, 20L, "new")
+    )
+  }
+
+  test("deduplicateMicrobatch preserves the input column names, types, and 
ordering") {
+    val schema = new StructType()
+      .add("a", StringType)
+      .add("id", IntegerType)
+      .add("z", DoubleType)
+      .add("seq", LongType)
+      .add("flag", BooleanType)
+
+    val batch = microbatchOf(schema)(
+      Row("a1", 1, 1.5, 10L, true),
+      Row("a2", 1, 2.5, 20L, false)
+    )
+
+    val processor = Scd1BatchProcessor(
+      changeArgs = ChangeArgs(
+        keys = Seq(UnqualifiedColumnName("id")),
+        sequencing = F.col("seq"),
+        storedAsScdType = ScdType.Type1
+      ),
+      resolvedSequencingType = LongType
+    )
+
+    // Field names and dataTypes must match the input exactly, in the original 
order.
+    assert(
+      columnNamesAndDataTypes(processor.deduplicateMicrobatch(batch).schema) ==
+        columnNamesAndDataTypes(schema))
+  }
+
+  test("deduplicateMicrobatch returns an empty DataFrame with preserved 
schema") {
+    val schema = new StructType()
+      .add("id", IntegerType)
+      .add("seq", LongType)
+      .add("value", StringType)
+
+    val batch = microbatchOf(schema)()
+
+    val processor = Scd1BatchProcessor(
+      changeArgs = ChangeArgs(
+        keys = Seq(UnqualifiedColumnName("id")),
+        sequencing = F.col("seq"),
+        storedAsScdType = ScdType.Type1
+      ),
+      resolvedSequencingType = LongType
+    )
+
+    val result = processor.deduplicateMicrobatch(batch)
+    assert(result.collect().isEmpty)
+    assert(columnNamesAndDataTypes(result.schema) == 
columnNamesAndDataTypes(schema))
+  }
+
+  test("extendMicrobatchRowsWithCdcMetadata classifies each row as a delete or 
an upsert " +
+    "per deleteCondition") {
+    val schema = new StructType()
+      .add("id", IntegerType)
+      .add("seq", LongType)
+      .add("is_delete", BooleanType)
+
+    val batch = microbatchOf(schema)(
+      Row(1, 10L, false),
+      Row(2, 20L, true),
+      Row(3, 30L, false),
+      Row(4, 40L, true)
+    )
+
+    val processor = Scd1BatchProcessor(
+      changeArgs = ChangeArgs(
+        keys = Seq(UnqualifiedColumnName("id")),
+        sequencing = F.col("seq"),
+        storedAsScdType = ScdType.Type1,
+        deleteCondition = Some(F.col("is_delete") === true)
+      ),
+      resolvedSequencingType = LongType
+    )
+
+    // Mutual-exclusivity invariant: each row's _cdc_metadata struct has 
exactly one of
+    // (deleteSequence, upsertSequence) non-null, and the non-null side 
carries the row's
+    // sequence value.
+    checkAnswer(
+      df = processor.extendMicrobatchRowsWithCdcMetadata(batch),
+      expectedAnswer = Seq(
+        Row(1, 10L, false, Row(null, 10L)),
+        Row(2, 20L, true, Row(20L, null)),
+        Row(3, 30L, false, Row(null, 30L)),
+        Row(4, 40L, true, Row(40L, null))
+      )
+    )
+  }
+
+  test("extendMicrobatchRowsWithCdcMetadata treats every row as an upsert " +
+    "when deleteCondition is None") {
+    val schema = new StructType()
+      .add("id", IntegerType)
+      .add("seq", LongType)
+      .add("value", StringType)
+
+    val batch = microbatchOf(schema)(
+      Row(1, 10L, "a"),
+      Row(2, 20L, "b")
+    )
+
+    val processor = Scd1BatchProcessor(
+      changeArgs = ChangeArgs(
+        keys = Seq(UnqualifiedColumnName("id")),
+        sequencing = F.col("seq"),
+        storedAsScdType = ScdType.Type1,
+        deleteCondition = None
+      ),
+      resolvedSequencingType = LongType
+    )
+
+    checkAnswer(
+      df = processor.extendMicrobatchRowsWithCdcMetadata(batch),
+      expectedAnswer = Seq(
+        Row(1, 10L, "a", Row(null, 10L)),
+        Row(2, 20L, "b", Row(null, 20L))
+      )
+    )
+  }
+
+  test("extendMicrobatchRowsWithCdcMetadata appends CDC metadata as the last 
column") {
+    val schema = new StructType()
+      .add("id", IntegerType)
+      .add("seq", LongType)
+      .add("value", StringType)
+
+    val batch = microbatchOf(schema)(
+      Row(1, 10L, "a")
+    )
+
+    val processor = Scd1BatchProcessor(
+      changeArgs = ChangeArgs(
+        keys = Seq(UnqualifiedColumnName("id")),
+        sequencing = F.col("seq"),
+        storedAsScdType = ScdType.Type1
+      ),
+      resolvedSequencingType = LongType
+    )
+
+    val result = processor.extendMicrobatchRowsWithCdcMetadata(batch)
+
+    // Original columns are preserved in their original order, with CDC 
metadata appended at
+    // the very end.
+    assert(result.schema.fieldNames.toSeq ==
+      schema.fieldNames.toSeq :+ Scd1BatchProcessor.cdcMetadataColName)
+  }
+
+  test("extendMicrobatchRowsWithCdcMetadata casts delete / upsert sequence 
fields to " +
+    "resolvedSequencingType") {
+    val schema = new StructType()
+      .add("id", IntegerType)
+      // Microbatch's sequencing column is IntegerType, but the flow's 
resolved sequencing type
+      // will be LongType. This should be upcasted in the projected CDC 
metadata column.
+      .add("seq", IntegerType)
+      .add("value", StringType)
+
+    val batch = microbatchOf(schema)(
+      Row(1, 10, "a")
+    )
+
+    val processor = Scd1BatchProcessor(
+      changeArgs = ChangeArgs(
+        keys = Seq(UnqualifiedColumnName("id")),
+        sequencing = F.col("seq"),
+        storedAsScdType = ScdType.Type1
+      ),
+      resolvedSequencingType = LongType
+    )
+
+    val resultDf = processor.extendMicrobatchRowsWithCdcMetadata(batch)
+
+    val cdcMetadataDataType =
+      
resultDf.schema(Scd1BatchProcessor.cdcMetadataColName).dataType.asInstanceOf[StructType]
+    assert(columnNamesAndDataTypes(cdcMetadataDataType) == Seq(
+      Scd1BatchProcessor.cdcDeleteSequenceFieldName -> LongType,
+      Scd1BatchProcessor.cdcUpsertSequenceFieldName -> LongType))
+
+    // The cast must also succeed at runtime: upsertSequence is materialized 
as a Long value, not
+    // an Int.
+    checkAnswer(
+      df = resultDf,
+      expectedAnswer = Row(1, 10, "a", Row(null, 10L))
+    )
+  }
+
+  test("extendMicrobatchRowsWithCdcMetadata fails fast when the microbatch's 
sequencing column " +
+    "is incompatible with resolvedSequencingType") {
+    val schema = new StructType()
+      .add("id", IntegerType)
+      // Microbatch's sequencing column is a struct, whereas the flow's 
resolved sequencing type
+      // will be LongType. These are incompatible and should throw.
+      .add(
+        "seq",
+        new StructType()
+          .add("major", LongType)
+          .add("minor", LongType))
+
+    val batch = microbatchOf(schema)(
+      Row(1, Row(1L, 0L))
+    )
+
+    val processor = Scd1BatchProcessor(
+      changeArgs = ChangeArgs(
+        keys = Seq(UnqualifiedColumnName("id")),
+        sequencing = F.col("seq"),
+        storedAsScdType = ScdType.Type1
+      ),
+      resolvedSequencingType = LongType
+    )
+
+    val ex = intercept[AnalysisException] {
+      // .schema forces analysis of the underlying logical plan, surfacing the 
invalid cast.
+      processor.extendMicrobatchRowsWithCdcMetadata(batch).schema
+    }
+    assert(ex.getCondition == "DATATYPE_MISMATCH.CAST_WITHOUT_SUGGESTION")
+  }
+
+  test("extendMicrobatchRowsWithCdcMetadata rejects a microbatch that already 
contains the " +
+    "reserved CDC metadata column") {
+    withSQLConf(SQLConf.CASE_SENSITIVE.key -> "true") {
+      val schema = new StructType()
+        .add("id", IntegerType)
+        .add("seq", LongType)
+        .add(Scd1BatchProcessor.cdcMetadataColName, StringType)
+
+      val batch = microbatchOf(schema)(
+        Row(1, 10L, "user-supplied")
+      )
+
+      val processor = Scd1BatchProcessor(
+        changeArgs = ChangeArgs(
+          keys = Seq(UnqualifiedColumnName("id")),
+          sequencing = F.col("seq"),
+          storedAsScdType = ScdType.Type1
+        ),
+        resolvedSequencingType = LongType
+      )
+
+      checkError(
+        exception = intercept[AnalysisException] {
+          processor.extendMicrobatchRowsWithCdcMetadata(batch)
+        },
+        condition = "AUTOCDC_RESERVED_COLUMN_NAME_CONFLICT",
+        sqlState = "42710",
+        parameters = Map(
+          "caseSensitivity" -> CaseSensitivityLabels.CaseSensitive,
+          "columnName" -> Scd1BatchProcessor.cdcMetadataColName,
+          "schemaName" -> "microbatch",
+          "reservedColumnName" -> Scd1BatchProcessor.cdcMetadataColName
+        )
+      )
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("projectTargetColumnsOntoMicrobatch keeps every user column and the CDC 
metadata column " +

Review Comment:
   **Suggestion:** good coverage for include/exclude, schema order, literal-dot 
names, and `_cdc_metadata` always last. A few gaps worth adding (or documenting 
as out of scope):
   
   - **Case-insensitive** `columnSelection` with `SQLConf.CASE_SENSITIVE=false` 
(covered in `ChangeArgsSuite` but not through this method).
   - **`IncludeColumns(Seq())`** — output is only `_cdc_metadata`; worth an 
explicit test if that is supported.
   
   Optional if you add validation for the keys question: a test that excluding 
a key column fails (or is allowed) per the intended semantics.



-- 
This is an automated message from the Apache Git Service.
To respond to the message, please log on to GitHub and use the
URL above to go to the specific comment.

To unsubscribe, e-mail: [email protected]

For queries about this service, please contact Infrastructure at:
[email protected]


---------------------------------------------------------------------
To unsubscribe, e-mail: [email protected]
For additional commands, e-mail: [email protected]

Reply via email to